Iphuzu elibilayo elingu-5900 degrees Celsius nobulukhuni obufana nedayimane buhlanganiswe nekhabhoni:i-tungsteniyinsimbi esinda kakhulu, nokho inemisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo—ikakhulukazi kuma-microorganisms athanda ukushisa. Ithimba eliholwa nguTetyana Milojevic ovela ku-Faculty of Chemistry eNyuvesi yaseVienna libika okokuqala ngqa nge-microbial engavamile-i-tungstenukusebenzisana ebangeni le-nanometer. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okutholakele, hhayi kuphelai-tungstenI-biogeochemistry, kodwa futhi nokuphila kwama-microorganisms ezimweni zasemkhathini wangaphandle kungaphenywa. Imiphumela ivele muva nje kujenaliImingcele ku-Microbiology.

Njengensimbi eqinile neyivelakancane,i-tungsten, enezici zayo ezingavamile kanye nendawo ephakeme kakhulu yokuncibilika kuzo zonke izinsimbi, kuwukukhetha okungenakwenzeka kakhulu ohlelweni lwebhayoloji. Ama-microorganisms ambalwa kuphela, njenge-thermophilic archaea noma ama-cell nucleus-free microorganisms, azivumelanise nezimo ezimbi kakhulu zemvelo ye-tungsten futhi athola indlela yokufanisa.i-tungsten. Izifundo ezimbili zakamuva ezenziwe isazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo kanye nesazi sezinkanyezi u-Tetyana Milojevic ovela eMnyangweni Wesayensi Yezinto Eziphilayo, Uphiko Lwekhemistry eNyuvesi yaseVienna, zisikhanyisela ngeqhaza elingenzeka lama-microorganisms endaweni.i-tungsten-indawo ecebile futhi ichaze i-nanoscalei-tungsten-i-microbial interface ye-microorganism ethanda ukushisa ngokweqile kanye ne-asidi i-Metallosphaera sedula etshalwe nayoi-tungstenizinhlanganisela (Izibalo 1, 2). Yile microorganism futhi ezohlolelwa ukusinda phakathi nohambo lwezinkanyezi ezifundweni ezizayo endaweni engaphandle komkhathi.I-Tungstenkungaba yisici esibalulekile kulokhu.

Kusukai-tungsteni-polyoxometalates njengezinhlaka ze-inorganic ezisekela ukuphila ku-microbial bioprocessing yeamatshe e-tungsten

Ngokufana namaseli amaminerali e-ferrous sulfide, ama-polyoxometalates okwenziwa (ama-POM) athathwa njengamaseli angaphili ekusizeni izinqubo zamakhemikhali angaphambi kokuphila kanye nokubonisa izici "ezifana nempilo". Kodwa-ke, ukuhambisana kwama-POM ezinqubweni ezisekela ukuphila (isb, ukuphefumula kwe-microbial) akukakaxazululwa. "Sisebenzisa isibonelo se-Metallosphaera sedula, ekhula ku-asidi eshisayo futhi iphefumula ngokusebenzisa i-oxidation yensimbi, siphenye ukuthi izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-inorganic ezisekelwe kumaqoqo we-tungsten POM zingasekela ukukhula kwe-M. sedula futhi zikhiqize ukwanda kwamaselula nokuhlukana," kusho uMilojevic.

Ososayensi bakwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwei-tungstenAmaqoqo e-POM asuselwa ku-inorganic anika amandla ukuhlanganiswa kwe-heterogeneousi-tungstenizinhlobo ze-redox zibe amaseli amancane. Amadiphozithi e-organometallic ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwe-M. sedula ne-W-POM ahlakazwa afika ebangeni le-nanometer ngesikhathi sokubambisana okunezithelo ne-Austrian Center for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI-ZFE, Graz).” Okutholakele kwethu kwengeza i-tungsten-encrusted M. sedula kumarekhodi akhulayo ezinhlobo ze-biomineralized microbial, phakathi kwazo i-archaea engavamile ukumelwa,” kusho u-Milojevic. I-biotransformation yei-tungsten amamineraliI-scheelite eyenziwa yi-thermoacidophile M. sedula eyedlulele iholela ekwephukeni kwesakhiwo se-scheelite, ukuxazululeka okulandelayoi-tungsten, futhii-tungstenukwenziwa kwamaminerali kwe-microbial cell surface (Umfanekiso 3). I-biogenici-tungsten carbide-njengama-nanostructures achazwe ocwaningweni amele i-nanomaterial ekwazi ukusimama etholwe umklamo osizwa ngama-microbial ovumelana nemvelo.

“Imiphumela yethu ikhomba ukuthi amafomu e-M. sedulai-tungsten-ephethe i-mineralized cell surface ngokusebenzisa i-encrusting ngei-tungsten carbide-likeizinhlanganisela,” kuchaza isazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo uMilojevic. Lokhui-tungsten-ungqimba olusikiwe olwakheke emangqamuzaneni e-M. sedula lungamelela kahle isu le-microbial lokumelana nezimo zemvelo ezinzima, njengaphakathi nohambo lwe-interplanetary.I-Tungsteni-encapsulation ingasebenza njengesivikelo esinamandla se-radioprotective ngokumelene nezimo zemvelo ezinzima. “Izivikelo ze-tungsten ezincane ezincane zisivumela ukuthi siqhubeke sifunda ngokuphila kwalesi silwanyana endaweni engaphandle komkhathi,” kuphetha uMilojevic.