I-Molybdenum:

• Isici esenzeka ngokwemvelo esakhonjwa ngo-1778 nguCarl Wilhelm Scheele, usosayensi waseSweden naye owathola umoya-mpilo emoyeni.
• Inelinye lamaphuzu ancibilikayo aphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izakhi nokho ukuminyana kwayo kungama-25% kuphela ensimbi enkulu.
• Iqukethwe kuma-ore ahlukahlukene, kepha yi-molybdenite (MoS2) kuphela esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo edayiswayo ye-molybdenum.
• Ine-coefficient ephansi kakhulu yokunwetshwa okushisayo kwanoma iyiphi into yobunjiniyela.

Ivelaphi:

• Izimayini eziyinhloko ze-molybdenum zitholakala eCanada, e-USA, eMexico, ePeru naseChile. Ngo-2008, isizinda se-ore reserve saba amathani ayi-19,000,000 (umthombo: US Geological Survey). I-China ineziqiwu ezinkulu kakhulu ilandelwa yi-USA neChile.
• I-Molybdenite ingenzeka njengokuphela kwamaminerali emzimbeni we-ore, kodwa ngokuvamile ihlotshaniswa namaminerali e-sulfide yezinye izinsimbi, ikakhulukazi ithusi.

Icutshungulwa kanjani:

• Insimbi embiwayo iyachotshozwa, igaywe, ixutshwe noketshezi futhi ifakwe umoya enqubweni yokuntanta ukuze kuhlukaniswe amaminerali ensimbi edwaleni.
• I-concentrate ewumphumela iqukethe phakathi kuka-85% no-92% we-molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) esebenzisekayo embonini. Ukugazinga lokhu emoyeni ku-500 kuya ku-650 °C kukhiqiza i-molybdenite concentrate egazingiwe noma i-RMC (Mo03), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-technical Mo oxide noma i-tech oxide. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-40 kuya kwangu-50 e-molybdenum asetshenziswa kuleli fomu, ikakhulukazi njenge-alloying element emikhiqizweni yensimbi.
• U-30-40% wokukhiqizwa kwe-RMC ucutshungulwa ku-ferromolybdenum (FeMo) ngokuyixuba ne-iron oxide futhi yehliswe nge-ferrosilicon ne-aluminium ekuphenduleni kwe-thermite. Ama-ingots avelayo ayachotshozwa futhi ahlolwe ukuze akhiqize usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-FeMo oyifunayo.
• Cishe ama-20% e-RMC akhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke acutshungulwa abe yinani lemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali njenge-pure molybdic oxide (Mo03) nama-molybdates. Isixazululo se-Ammonium molybdate singaguqulelwa kunoma iyiphi inombolo yemikhiqizo ye-molybdate futhi ukucubungula okwengeziwe ngokubala kukhiqiza i-molybdenum trioxide ehlanzekile.
• Insimbi ye-molybdenum ikhiqizwa inqubo yokunciphisa i-hydrogen enezigaba ezimbili ukuze inikeze impushana ehlanzekile ye-molybdenum.

Isetshenziselwa ini:

• Cishe amaphesenti angama-20 e-molybdenum entsha, ekhiqizwa ngensimbi embiwa phansi isetshenziselwa ukwenza insimbi engagqwali ye-molybdenum-grade.
• Izinsimbi zobunjiniyela, ithuluzi nensimbi enesivinini esikhulu, insimbi ewugqinsi kanye nama-superalloy ngokuhlangene kubala u-60% owengeziwe wokusetshenziswa kwe-molybdenum.
• Ama-20% asele asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ethuthukisiwe efana ne-lubricant grade molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali e-molybdenum kanye nensimbi ye-molybdenum.

Izinzuzo nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo:

Insimbi engagqwali

• I-Molybdenum ithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala namandla okushisa aphezulu azo zonke izinsimbi ezingenasici. Inomthelela omuhle kakhulu ekumelaneni nokugqwala kwe-pitting kanye ne-crevice ezixazululweni ezine-chloride, okuyenza ibaluleke kumakhemikhali nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokucubungula.
• Izinsimbi ezingagqwali ezine-molybdenum zimelana ngendlela emangalisayo nokugqwala futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, ezakhiweni nasekwakhiweni, zinikeza ukuguquguquka okuhle kokuklama nokuphila okunwetshiwe kwedizayini.
• Imikhiqizo eminingi yenziwa ngensimbi engagqwali equkethe i-molybdenum ukuze ivikeleke kakhulu ekugqwaleni, okuhlanganisa izingxenye zesakhiwo, ukufulela, izindonga zamakhethini, ama-handrails, olayini bamachibi okubhukuda, izicabha, izinto zokukhanya nezivikela ilanga.

Ama-Superalloys

Lezi zihlanganisa ama-alloys angagqwali kanye nama-alloys okushisa aphezulu:

• Ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel amelana nokugqwala aqukethe i-molybdenum asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezivezwe endaweni egqwala kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni zezinqubo nezicelo, okuhlanganisa amayunithi e-flue gas desulfurization asetshenziselwa ukususa isulfure ekukhishweni kwesiteshi samandla kagesi.
• Ama-alloys okushisa aphezulu aqinisiwe-isixazululo esiqinile, esinikeza ukumelana nomonakalo obangelwa ukushisa okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa, noma ukuqina kweminyaka, okunikeza amandla engeziwe ngaphandle kokunciphisa kakhulu i-ductility futhi aphumelela kakhulu ekunciphiseni i-coefficient yokwanda okushisayo.

Izinsimbi ze-alloy

• Inani elincane nje le-molybdenum lithuthukisa ukuqina, linciphisa ukuthukuthela futhi likhuphule ukumelana nokuhlasela kwe-hydrogen kanye nokuqhekeka kwengcindezi ye-sulfide.
• I-molybdenum eyengeziwe iphinde ikhulise amandla okushisa aphakeme futhi ithuthukise ukushisela, ikakhulukazi ezinsimbi eziqinile eziphansi ze-alloy (HSLA). Lezi zinsimbi ezisebenza kahle zisetshenziswa ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezimotweni ezingasindi kuya ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kahle ezakhiweni, amapayipi namabhuloho, konga kokubili ubuningi bensimbi edingekayo kanye namandla nokukhishwa kwegesi okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa kwayo, ukuthutha kanye nokwakhiwa.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa

Izibonelo ezikhethekile zokusetshenziswa kwe-molybdenum zifaka:

• Ama-alloys asekelwe ku-molybdenum, enamandla amahle kakhulu kanye nokuzinza kwemishini emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (kufika ku-1900 ° C) ezindaweni ezingafaki i-oxidizing noma i-vacuum. I-ductility yabo ephezulu kanye nokuqina kunikeza ukubekezelela okukhulu ukungapheleli nokuphuka okuphukayo kunezitsha zobumba.
• Ama-alloys e-Molybdenum-tungsten, aphawuleka ngokumelana okukhethekile ne-zinc encibilikisiwe
• I-Molybdenum-25% rhenium alloys, esetshenziselwa izingxenye ze-rocket injini kanye nezishintshisi zokushisa zensimbi eziwuketshezi okufanele zibe i-ductile ekamelweni lokushisa.
• I-molybdenum embozwe ngethusi, ngokwenza ukunwetshwa okuphansi, amabhodi wesifunda se-elekthronikhi aphezulu conductivity
• I-Molybdenum oxide, esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinto ezibangela izimboni ze-petrochemical kanye namakhemikhali, isatshalaliswa kabanzi ekucwengisweni kukawoyela ongahluziwe ukuze kwehliswe okuqukethwe kwesibabule kwemikhiqizo ecolisisiwe.
• Imikhiqizo ye-Chemical molybdenum esetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni kwe-polymer, ama-corrosion inhibitors kanye nokwakhiwa kwezithambisi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.