I-Tungsten, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-wolfram, inezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesiizintambo, kanye nokufudumeza kanyeothintana nabo kagesi.

Insimbi ebalulekile nayo isetshenziswa kuukushisela, ama-alloys ensimbi esindayo, osinki bokushisa, ama-turbine blade kanye nokuthatha indawo yomthofu ngezinhlamvu.

Ngokombiko wakamuva we-US Geological Survey ngensimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-tungsten yomhlaba kufike ku-95,000 MT ngo-2017, kusuka ku-2016's 88,100 MT.

Lokhu kwanda kwenzeke naphezu kokuncishiswa komkhiqizo ovela eMongolia, eRwanda naseSpain. Ukukhula okukhulu kokukhiqizwa kwavela e-UK, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwenyuka cishe ngamaphesenti angama-50.

Intengo ye-tungsten yaqala ukukhuphuka ekuqaleni kuka-2017, futhi yaba nokugijima okuhle okusele konyaka, kodwa amanani e-tungsten aphela ngo-2018 ngokuqhathaniswa flat.

Noma kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwe-tungsten ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zezimboni, kusukela kuma-smartphones kuya kumabhethri emoto, kusho ukuthi ukufunwa ngeke kunyamalale noma nini maduze. Unalokho engqondweni, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imaphi amazwe akhiqiza i-tungsten eningi. Nanka amazwibela amazwe akhiqiza kakhulu ngonyaka odlule.

1. IShayina

Ukukhiqizwa kwemayini: 79,000 MT

I-China ikhiqize i-tungsten eningi ngo-2017 kunango-2016, futhi yahlala ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ngamajini abanzi. Sekukonke, ikhiphe i-79,000 MT ye-tungsten ngonyaka odlule, isuka ku-72,000 MT ngonyaka odlule.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-tungsten yaseShayina kungase kwehla esikhathini esizayo - izwe lase-Asia likhawulele inani lamalayisense ezimayini ze-tungsten kanye nokuthekelisa eliwanikezayo, futhi libeke izabelo ekukhiqizeni i-tungsten egxilile. Izwe nalo lisanda kwandisa ukuhlolwa kwemvelo.

Ngaphezu kokuba umkhiqizi we-tungsten omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni, i-China iphinde ibe ngumthengi ophezulu wensimbi emhlabeni. Bekuwumthombo oyinhloko we-tungsten engeniswe e-US ngo-2017 futhi, kubikwa ukuthi iletha amaphesenti angama-34 ngenani lama- $ 145 wezigidi. Izintela ezibekwe yi-US ezimpahleni zaseShayina njengengxenye yempi yezohwebo phakathi kwala mazwe amabili eyaqala ngo-2018 zingase zibe nomthelela kulezo zinombolo ukuya phambili.

2. IVietnam

Ukukhiqizwa kwemayini: 7,200 MT

Ngokungafani ne-China, i-Vietnam yabhekana nokunye ukugxuma ekukhiqizeni i-tungsten ngo-2017. Ikhiphe i-7,200 MT yensimbi uma iqhathaniswa ne-6,500 MT yonyaka odlule. IMasan Resources ephethwe ngasese iphethe imayini yase-Vietnam yase-Nui Phao, ethi iyimayini enkulu kunazo zonke ekhiqiza i-tungsten ngaphandle kwase-China. Iphinde ibe ngomunye wabakhiqizi be-tungsten abanezindleko eziphansi kakhulu emhlabeni.

3. ERussia

Ukukhiqizwa kwemayini: 3,100 MT

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-tungsten yaseRussia bekuyisicaba kusuka ku-2016 kuya ku-2017, kungena ku-3,100 MT kuyo yomibili le minyaka. Leli thafa leza naphezu komyalelo kaMongameli u-Vladimir Putin wokuthi ukukhiqizwa kuqale kabusha ensimini ye-tungsten-molybdenum yaseTyrnyauz. UPutin angathanda ukubona kusungulwa inxanxathela yezimayini nokucubungula.

I-Wolfram Company ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wemikhiqizo ye-tungsten ezweni, ngokusho kwewebhusayithi yayo, futhi inkampani ithi unyaka ngamunye ikhiqiza amathani ayi-1,000 e-tungsten powder yensimbi, kanye namathani afinyelela kwangu-6,000 e-tungsten oxide kanye namathani angama-800 e-tungsten carbide. .

4. EBolivia

Ukukhiqizwa kwemayini: 1,100 MT

I-Bolivia iboshelwe ne-UK ngokukhiqizwa kwe-tungsten ngo-2017. Naphezu kwezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa imboni ye-tungsten ezweni, ukukhishwa kwe-Bolivia kwahlala kuyisicaba ku-1,100 MT.

Imboni yezimayini yaseBolivia ithonywe kakhulu yi-Comibol, inkampani yezambulela yezimayini engaphansi kukahulumeni wezwe. Le nkampani ibike inzuzo yezigidi ezingu-53.6 zamaRandi ngonyaka wezimali ka-2017.

5. United Kingdom

Ukukhiqizwa kwemayini: 1,100 MT

I-UK yabona ukukhuphuka okukhulu ekukhiqizeni i-tungsten ngo-2017, okuphumayo kukhuphukela ku-1,100 MT uma kuqhathaniswa ne-736 MT ngonyaka odlule. I-Wolf Minerals cishe iyona ebangela ukwanda; ekwindla ka-2015, inkampani yavula imayini ye-tungsten yase-Drakelands (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Hemerdon) e-Devon.

Ngokusho kwe-BBC, iDrakelands ibe imayini yokuqala ye-tungsten ukuvulwa eBrithani eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-40. Kodwa-ke, yavalwa ngo-2018 ngemuva kokuthi uWolf engene esikhundleni sokuphatha. Le nkampani kubikwa ukuthi ayikwazanga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zayo zemali yokusebenza yesikhashana. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-tungsten e-UK lapha.

6. E-Austria

Ukukhiqizwa kwemayini: 950 MT

I-Austria ikhiqize u-950 MT we-tungsten ngo-2017 uma kuqhathaniswa no-954 MT wangonyaka odlule. Okuningi kwalowo mkhiqizo kungabangelwa imayini yaseMittersill, eseSalzburg futhi isingatha idiphozithi enkulu kunazo zonke e-Europe. Imayini ingekaSandvik (STO:SAND).

7. EPortugal

Ukukhiqizwa kwemayini: 680 MT

IPortugal ingelinye lamazwe ambalwa kulolu hlu abone ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-tungsten ngo-2017. Ikhiphe i-680 MT yensimbi, isuka ku-549 MT ngonyaka odlule.

Imayini yePanasqueira iyimayini enkulu kunazo zonke ePortugal ekhiqiza i-tungsten. Imayini ye-Borralha esike yakhiqiza esikhathini esidlule, eyake yaba imayini ye-tungsten yesibili ngobukhulu e-Portugal, okwamanje iphethwe yiBlackheath Resources (TSXV:BHR). I-Avrupa Minerals (TSXV:AVU) enye inkampani encane enomklamo we-tungsten e-Portugal. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-tungsten ePortugal lapha.

8. Rwanda

Ukukhiqizwa kwemayini: 650 MT

I-Tungsten ingelinye lamaminerali angqubuzanayo avame kakhulu emhlabeni, okusho ukuthi okungenani amanye awo akhiqizwa ezindaweni ezingqubuzanayo futhi adayiswa ukuze kuqhutshekwe ukulwa. Yize iRwanda iziphakamise njengomthombo wezimbiwa phansi ezingenazo izingxabano, ukukhathazeka kusasele mayelana nokuphuma kwe-tungsten ezweni. I-Fairphone, inkampani ethuthukisa “ama-electronics anobulungiswa,” isekela ukukhiqizwa kwe-tungsten engenazingxabano eRwanda.

I-Rwanda ikhiqize u-650 MT we-tungsten ngo-2017, phansi kancane ukusuka ku-820 MT ngo-2016. Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-tungsten e-Afrika.

9. ESpain

Ukukhiqizwa kwemayini: 570 MT

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-tungsten yaseSpain kwehle ngo-2017, kungena ku-570 MT. Lokho kwehle ukusuka ku-650 MT ngonyaka odlule.

Kunezinkampani eziningi ezibambe iqhaza ekuhloleni, ekuthuthukisweni nasekumbiweni kwezimpahla ze-tungsten eSpain. Izibonelo zifaka i-Almonty Industries (TSXV:AII), i-Ormonde Mining (LSE:ORM) ne-W Resources (LSE:WRES). Ungafunda okwengeziwe ngabo lapha.

Manje njengoba usuwazi okwengeziwe ngokukhiqizwa kwe-tungsten nokuthi ivelaphi, yini enye ongathanda ukuyazi? Sibuze imibuzo yakho kumazwana angezansi.