Izingxenye ze-niobium ezinomshini wokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-niobium superconducting impahla ye-niobium Umkhiqizi Nomphakeli

ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-niobium ngomshini izingxenye superconducting niobium impahla

Incazelo emfushane:

I-Superconducting niobium materials inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, okuhlanganisa omagnethi abakhulu, ama-accelerator ezinhlayiyana kanye nemishini ye-MRI. Ikhono layo lokuqhuba ugesi emazingeni okushisa aphansi anokumelana ne-zero kuyenza ilungele lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.

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Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-niobium?

I-Niobium ikhona ikakhulukazi kumafomu amabili we-isotope azinzile: i-niobium-93 ne-niobium-95. Lawa ma-isotopes anezinombolo ezihlukene zama-neutron kuma-nuclei awo, kodwa wonke abonisa izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezifanayo. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo sayo se-crystal, i-niobium ingaba khona ngezindlela ezahlukene, kuhlanganise nezigaba ze-alpha ne-beta, kuye ngezimo zokushisa nezingcindezi.

Ngaphezu kwefomu layo eliyisisekelo, i-niobium itholakala kumakhompiyutha ahlukahlukene nama-alloys. Isibonelo, i-niobium-tin (Nb3Sn) kanye ne-niobium-titanium (Nb-Ti) zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-superconducting wire yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nemishini ye-MRI nama-accelerator ezinhlayiyana. Lawa ma-alloys abonisa izakhiwo ze-superconducting emazingeni okushisa aphansi, okwenza abe yigugu emkhakheni we-superconductivity.

Ukwengeza, i-niobium ingaxutshwa nezinye izinsimbi ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zayo zokusebenza ezithile. Isibonelo, i-niobium ingahlanganiswa ne-zirconium, i-tantalum noma ezinye izakhi ukuze zenze ama-alloys anamandla athuthukisiwe, ukumelana nokugqwala noma izakhiwo ze-superconducting.

Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-niobium zifaka phakathi isimo sayo sokuqala, ama-isotopes, izakhiwo zekristalu, nama-alloys ahlukahlukene namakhompiyutha, ngayinye enezakhiwo ezihlukile kanye nezicelo.

Ikhiqizwa kanjani i-niobium?

I-Niobium itholakala ngokuyinhloko ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi indlela ye-Brazilian pyrochlore. Inqubo yokukhipha ihlanganisa izigaba eziningana:

1. Izimayini: Isinyathelo sokuqala sihilela ukukhipha insimbi ene-niobium, evame ukuhlotshaniswa namanye amaminerali afana ne-tantalum, ithini ne-titanium. IBrazil kanye neCanada abakhiqizi abakhulu be-niobium ore.

2. Ukuzuzwa kwe-ore: I-ore embiwayo iyacutshungulwa ukuze igxilise amaminerali e-niobium. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuchotshozwa, ukugaya kanye namasu ahlukene okuhlukanisa ukuze ahlukanise amaminerali aqukethe i-niobium kwezinye izingxenye zensimbi.

3. Ukucwengwa: I-niobium ore egxilile iqhubeka nezinqubo zokucwengisiswa ukuze isuse ukungcola futhi ikhiqize ukugxila kwe-niobium ehlanzekile kakhulu. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali, ukucwiliswa kwe-leaching kanye nokukhipha i-solvent ukuze kutholakale izinhlanganisela ze-niobium ezihlanzekile.

4. Ukuncishiswa: Inhlanganisela ye-niobium ehlanzekile ibe isincishiswa ibe yi-metallic niobium ngenqubo yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa amasu afana nenqubo yokunciphisa i-aluminothermic. Lokhu kubangela ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-niobium ngendlela eyimpushana.

5. Ukuhlanganiswa: Impushana ye-niobium ibe isihlanganiswa ibe ifomu eliqinile ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezifana ne-powder metallurgy, ukubumba noma amanye amasu okwakha ukuze kukhiqizwe ingots ye-niobium, amashidi noma ezinye izinhlobo ezifunwayo.

Sekukonke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-niobium kuhilela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokukhipha, ukucwengwa kanye nokucubungula ama-ore aqukethe i-niobium ukuze kutholwe insimbi ye-niobium ehlanzekile kakhulu ukuze isetshenziswe ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zezimboni.