I-Tungsten kunye neealloys zayo zinokudityaniswa ngempumelelo ngegesi ye-tungsten-arc welding,
Irhasi ye-tungsten-arc braze welding, i-electron beam welding kunye nokubekwa komphunga wekhemikhali.

Ukuweldability kwe-tungsten kunye nenani lealloys zayo ezidityaniswe yi-arc casting, i-metallurgy engumgubo, okanye ubuchule bokudityaniswa kwekhemikhali-umphunga (CVD) buvavanyiwe. Uninzi lwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ibiyi-0.060 in. sheet elishinyeneyo. Iinkqubo zokudibanisa ezisetyenzisiweyo zezi (1) i-gas tungsten-arc welding, (2) i-gas tungsten-arc braze welding, (3) i-electron beam welding kunye (4) ukujoyina i-CVD.
I-Tungsten idityaniswe ngempumelelo zizo zonke ezi ndlela kodwa isandi se-welds saphenjelelwa kakhulu ziindidi zesiseko kunye nesinyithi sokuzalisa (oko kukuthi umgubo okanye iimveliso ze-arc-cast). Umzekelo, i-welds kwi-arc-cast imathiriyeli ngokuthelekiswa yayingenawo amandla ngelixa i-welds kwimveliso yesinyithi somgubo yayidla ngokuba ne-porous, ngakumbi ecaleni komgca wokudityaniswa. I-gas tungsten-arc (GTA) i-welds kwi-1 / 1r, kwi-tungsten sheet engaxutywanga, i-preheat encinci ye-150 ° C (eyafunyanwa yi-ductileto-brittle transition yeqondo lokushisa kwesiseko sesinyithi) ivelise i-welds engenazo iintanda. Njengesiseko sesinyithi, i-tungsten-rhenium alloys yayikwazi ukuwelda ngaphandle kokutshisa, kodwa i-porosity yayiyingxaki kunye neemveliso ze-tungsten alloy powder. Ukushisa kwangaphambili kubonakala kungayichaphazeli i-weld porosity eyona nto yayingumsebenzi wohlobo lwesiseko sesinyithi.
I-ductile-to-brittle transition ternperatures (DBIT) yegesi ye-tungsten-arc welds kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-metallurgy tungsten ye-325 ukuya ku-475 ° C, xa kuthelekiswa ne-150. i-arc-cast tungsten.
Ukuwelda ngeBraze ye-tungsten enesinyithi esahlukileyo sokugcwalisa ngokucacileyo akuzange kuvelise iipropati ezingcono zokudityaniswa kunezinye iindlela zokujoyina. Sasebenzisa i-Nb, Ta, W-26% Re, Mo kunye ne-Re njengesinyithi sokuzalisa kwi-welds ye-braze. I-Nb kunye ne-Mo zibangele ukuqhekeka okukhulu.

Ukudibanisa nge-CVD kuma-510 ukuya kuma-560° C

yaphelisa yonke kodwa isixa esincinci se-porosity kwaye yaphelisa iingxaki ezinxulumene nobushushu obuphezulu obuyimfuneko kwi-welding (ezifana neenkozo ezinkulu kwi-weld kunye neendawo ezichatshazelwe ngubushushu).
Intshayelelo
I-Tungsten kunye ne-tungsten-base alloys zithathelwa ingqalelo kwinani lezixhobo eziphezulu zenyukliya kunye neendawo ezibandakanya izixhobo zokuguqula i-thermionic, izithuthi eziphinda zingene, i-fuel element ye-fuel kunye namanye amacandelo e-reactor. Izinto eziluncedo kwezi zixhobo ziyinhlanganisela yazo yobushushu obunyibilikayo obuphezulu kakhulu, amandla amahle kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo, i-thermal ephezulu kunye ne-conductivity yombane kunye nokuchasana okwaneleyo kwi-corrosion kwiindawo ezithile. Ekubeni i-brittleness inciphisa ukuveliswa kwazo, ukusebenziseka kwezi zixhobo kumacandelo esakhiwo phantsi kweemeko zenkonzo ezingqongqo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuphuhliso lweenkqubo zokuwelda ukubonelela amajoyinti athelekiseka kwiipropati kwisiseko sesinyithi. Ngoko ke, iinjongo zolu phando yayikukuba (1) zimisele iimpawu zemishini yokudibanisa eziveliswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokujoyina kwiintlobo ezininzi ze-tungsten engaxutywanga kunye ne-alloyed; (2) ukuvavanya imiphumo yokuguqulwa okuhlukeneyo kunyango lokushisa kunye nobuchule bokudibanisa; kunye (3) nokubonisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokwenza amacandelo ovavanyo afanelekileyo kwizicelo ezithile.
Izinto eziphathekayo
I-tungsten engafakwanga m叮10 m. amashiti angqindilili yayiyeyona nto inomdla kakhulu. I-tungsten engafakwanga kolu phononongo yaveliswa ngomgubo wesinyithi, i-arc casting kunye neendlela zokubeka umphunga wekhemikhali. Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa amanqanaba okungcola kwe-powder metallurgy, i-CVD kunye neemveliso ze-tungsten ze-arc-cast njengoko zifunyenwe. Uninzi luwela phakathi koluhlu olufunyenwe ngegama kwi-tungsten

kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imathiriyeli ye-CVD iqulethe ngaphezulu kwe-norma] izixa zefluorine.
Ubungakanani obahlukeneyo kunye neemilo ze-tungsten kunye ne-tungsten alloys zadityaniswa ukuze kuthelekiswe. Uninzi lwazo yayizimveliso zomgubo wesinyithi nangona ezinye izixhobo ze-arc-cast nazo zadityaniswa. Ulungelelwaniso oluthile lusetyenzisiwe ukumisela ukuba nokwenzeka kwezakhiwo kunye namacandelo. Zonke izixhobo zafunyanwa zikwimeko ebanda ngokupheleleyo yokusebenza ngaphandle kwe-CVD tungsten, eyamkelwe njengediphozithi. Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-brittleness ye-tungsten ehlaziyiweyo kunye ne-grained big-grained i-welded kwimeko esebenzayo ukunciphisa ukukhula kweenkozo kwindawo echaphazelekayo. Ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zemathiriyeli kunye nemali encinci ekhoyo, siye sayila iisampuli zovavanyo ezisebenzise ubuncinci bezinto eziphathekayo ezihambelana nokufumana ulwazi olufunekayo.
Inkqubo
Ekubeni ukushisa kwe-ductile-to-brittle transition (DBTT) ye-tungsten ingaphezulu kweqondo lokushisa, kufuneka kusetyenziswe unonophelo olukhethekileyo ekuphatheni nasekusebenzeni ukuze kugwenywe ukuqhekeka1. Ukucheba kubangela ukuqhekeka komphetho kwaye siye safumanisa ukuba ukusila kunye ne-electrodischarge machining kushiya ukuhlolwa kobushushu kumphezulu. Ngaphandle kokuba zisuswe ngokukrazula, ezi zintanda zinokusasazeka ngexesha le-welding kunye nokusetyenziswa okulandelayo.
I-Tungsten, njengazo zonke iintsimbi eziphikisayo, kufuneka idityaniswe kwindawo ecocekileyo kakhulu nokuba yigesi engasebenziyo (inkqubo yegesi ye-tungsten-arc) okanye i-vacuum (i-electron beam pro:::ess)2 ukunqanda ukungcoliseka kwe-weld yi-interstitials. Ekubeni i-tungsten ineyona ndawo iphakamileyo yokunyibilika kuzo zonke iintsimbi (3410° C), izixhobo zokuwelda kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nobushushu benkonzo ephezulu.

Uluhlu loku-1

Kusetyenziswe iinkqubo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zokuwelda: igesi ye-tungsten-arc welding, i-gas tungsten-arc braze welding kunye ne-electron beam welding. Iimeko ze-welding eziyimfuneko kwi-pcnetration epheleleyo kwi-input yamandla encinci inqunywe kwizinto eziphathekayo. Phambi kwewelding, amaphepha ayenziwe ngomatshini angena ngaphakathi. iindawo ezingenanto ezibanzi kunye ne-degreased nge-ethyl alcohol. Idizayini edibeneyo yayiyi-square groove ngaphandle kokuvuleka kweengcambu.
Irhasi yeTungsten-Arc Welding
Zonke i-automatie kunye ne-gas manual ye-tungsten-arc welds zenziwa kwi-ehamher eyayigcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-5 x I okanye. torr malunga ne-1 hr kwaye emva koko izaliswe nge-argon ecocekileyo kakhulu. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Fig. lA, igumbi lifakelwe indlela yokuhamba kunye nentloko yetotshi yokudibanisa ngokuzenzekelayo. I-workpiece yayibanjwe kwindawo yobhedu ebonelelwe ngokufakela i-tungsten kuzo zonke iindawo zoqhagamshelwano ukuze ithintele ukuba ingagxininisi emsebenzini ngokubetha i-welding. Isiseko solu lungiso sasihlala izifudumezi zeekhatriji zombane ezifudumeza umsebenzi kwiqondo lokushisa elifunwayo, Umfanekiso we-1 B. Zonke ii-welds zenziwe ngesantya sokuhamba nge-10 ipm, i-eurrent malunga ne-350 amp kunye ne-voltage ye-10 ukuya kwi-15 v. .
Irhasi Tungsten-A『c Braze Welding
Irhasi ye-tungsten-ziintsimbi zobhedu zenziwe kwi-ember kunye nomoya ongasebenziyo ngobuchule obufanayo

ezi zichazwe ngasentla. I-bead-onplate braze welds eyenziwe nge-tungsten kunye ne-W-26% Re metal filler yenziwe ngesandla; nangona kunjalo, iiwelds ze-butt braze zadityaniswa ngokuzenzekelayo emva kokuba isinyithi sokuzalisa sifakwe kwi-butt joint.
Electron Beam Welding
Iintsimbi ze-eleetron beam zenziwe kumatshini we-150-kV 20-mA. Ivacuum malunga ne-5 x I o-6 torr yagcinwa ngexesha le-welding. I-Electron beam welding iphumela kumlinganiselo ophezulu kakhulu wobunzulu ukuya kububanzi kunye nendawo emxinwa echaphazeleke bubushushu.
』ukutya ngeChemical Vapor Disposition
Amalungu e-Tungsten enziwe ngokufaka isinyithi se-tungsten esingaloyikanga ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokubeka umphunga wekhemikhali3. I-Tungsten yafakwa ngokunciphisa i-hydrogen ye-tungsten hexafluoride ngokwe-reaction-t
ubushushu
WFs(g) + 3H,(g)一–+W(s) + 6HF(g).
Ukusetyenziswa kobu buchule bokudibanisa kufuna kuphela utshintsho oluncinci kwizilungiso kunye nokuhanjiswa kokuhamba okusabelayo. Olona ncedo luphambili lwale nkqubo ngaphezu kweendlela eziqhelekileyo zokujoyina kukuba, kuba amaqondo obushushu asezantsi aqeshiweyo (510 ukuya kuma-650 ° C) asezantsi kakhulu kunendawo yokunyibilika.

i-tungsten (3410 ° C), i-recrystallization kunye ne-cmbrittlement enokwenzeka ngakumbi ye-tungsten esetyenzisiweyo yesiseko sesinyithi ngokungcola okanye ukukhula kweenkozo kuyancitshiswa.
Uyilo oluninzi oludibeneyo olubandakanya i-butt kunye nokuvalwa kwe-tube-end kuye kwenziwa. I-Deposition yenziwa ngoncedo lwe-mandrel yobhedu eyayisetyenziswa njenge-fixture, iqhekeza lokulungelelanisa kunye ne-substrate. Emva kokuba ukufakwa kugqityiwe, i-mandrel eopper yasuswa yi-etching. Kuba omnye umsebenzi” ubonise ukuba i-CVD tungsten inoxinzelelo olunzima lwentsalela njengoko idiphozithiwe, la malungu ayeluxinzelelo lwe-relicvcd I hr kwi-1000 ° ukuya kwi-1600 ° C phambi komatshini okanye uvavanyo.
Ukuhlolwa noVavanyo
Amalungu ahlolwe ngokubonakalayo nangolwelo lokungena kunye neradiyografi phambi kokuba avavanywe. Iiwelds eziqhelekileyo zihlalutyelwe i-oksijini kunye ne-nitrogen (iThebhile 2) kunye neemviwo ezinzulu ze-metallographic zenziwa kulo lonke uphando.
Ngenxa yobulula bendalo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwemizekelo emincinci, uvavanyo lwe-bend lusetyenziswe njengeyona ndlela iphambili yokunyaniseka okuhlangeneyo kunye ne-eomparison yeenkqubo. Amaqondo obushushu okutshintsha kwe-Ductile-tobrittle aye amiselwa ngesixhobo sokugoba esinamanqaku amathathu kumalungu omabini adityanisiweyo nasemva kokuguga. I-specimen esisiseko yeemvavanyo zokugoba yayiyi-longitudinal

ukugoba kobuso, 24t ubude nge-12t ububanzi, apho u-t ibubukhulu bomzekelo. Iisampulu zixhaswe kwisithuba se-15t kwaye zigotywe nge-plunger ye-radius 4t kwizinga le-0.5 ipm. Le geometry ithande ukwenza idatha eqhelekileyo efunyenwe kubunzima obahlukeneyo bemathiriyeli. Iisampulu zazivame ukugoba ngokunqamlezayo kwi-weld seam (i-longitudinal bend specimen) ukubonelela nge-deformation efanayo ye-weld, indawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa kunye nesiseko sesinyithi; nangona kunjalo, imizekelo embalwa yayigotywe ecaleni kwe-weld seam (i-transverse bend specimen) ukuthelekisa. Ukugoba kobuso kusetyenziswe kwiindawo zokuqala zophando; nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yenotshi encinci efunyenwe kwi-faees ye-welds ezininzi ngenxa yobunzima bentsimbi etyhidiweyo, ukugoba kweengcambu kwathatyathelwa indawo kuvavanyo lwamva. Izindululo zeBhodi yeeNgcebiso zeMathiriyeli6 enxulumene novavanyo olugobileyo lwesampulu zamaphepha zalandelwa ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yezinto ezinqongopheleyo, kuye kwakhethwa eyona mizekelo mincinane icetyiswayo.
Ukumisela ubushushu benguqu ye-bend, izixhobo zokugoba zifakwe kwi-oven ekwazi ukunyusa ngokukhawuleza iqondo lokushisa ukuya kwi-500 ° C. I-bend ye-90 ukuya kwi-105 deg yayigxininiswe ukugoba okupheleleyo. I-DBTT yachazwa njengelona bushushu lisezantsi apho i-speeimen igobe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokukrazuka. Nangona iimvavanyo zenziwa emoyeni, ukujika kombala kwesampulu akuzange kubonakale de amaqondo obushushu ovavanyo afikelele kuma-400 ° C.

Umfanekiso woku-1

Iziphumo ze-Unalloyed Tungsten
UkuWeldability ngokubanzi
I-Gas Turzgstea-Arc Welding-In gas tungsten-arc welding of 1乍in. ishidi elishinyeneyo elingaloyiweyo, umsebenzi kufuneka ufudunyezwe kakhulu ukunqanda ukungaphumeleli kwe-brittle phantsi koxinzelelo olubangelwa kukothuka kwe-thermal. Umzobo we-2 ubonisa ukuphuka okuqhelekileyo okuveliswa ngokufakwa kwe-welding ngaphandle kokushisa kwangaphambili. Ubungakanani obukhulu beenkozo kunye nokumila kwendawo ye-weld kunye ne-heat-affected zone kubonakala kwi-fracture. Uphando lokufudumala kwe-ternperatures ukusuka kwiqondo lokushisa ukuya kwi-540 ° C lubonise ukuba ukushisa kwangaphambili ukuya kubuncinane be-150 ° C kwakuyimfuneko kwimveliso eqhubekayo ye-welds ye-butt welds enye engenazo iintanda. Eli qondo lokushisa lihambelana ne-DBTI yesiseko sesinyithi. Ukushisa kwangaphambili kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu akuzange kubonakale kuyimfuneko kolu vavanyo kodwa izinto ezine-DBTI ephezulu, okanye ulungelelwaniso olubandakanya uxinzelelo olubi kakhulu okanye iindawo ezinkulu, zinokufuna ukufudumeza kwangaphambi kwexesha ukuya kwi-ternperatures ephezulu.
Umgangatho we-weldment uxhomekeke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza isiseko sesinyithi. I-autogenous welds kwi-arc-cast tungsten ikhululekile kwi-porosity, Umzobo.
I-3A, kodwa i-welds kwi-powder metallurgy tungsten ibonakaliswe nge-gross porosity, i-Fig. 3 (b), ngokukodwa ecaleni komgca wokudibanisa. Isixa sale porosity, umzobo we-3B, ngokukodwa kunye ne-3C, kwii-welds ezenziwe kwi-proprietary, imveliso ephantsi ye-porosity (GE-15 eveliswe nguGeneral Electric Co., Cleveland).
I-gas tungsten-arc welds kwi-CVD tungsten ineendawo ezingaqhelekanga ezichatshazelwe ngubushushu ngenxa yesakhiwo senkozo 0£ isiseko se-metaF. Umzobo we-4 ubonisa ubuso kunye necandelo lomnqamlezo ohambelana negesi ye-tungsten-arc butt weld. Qaphela ukuba iinkozo ezintle kwi-substrate surface zikhulile ngenxa yokushisa kwe-welding. Kwakhona kubonakala kukungabikho kokukhula kwekholomu enkulu

iinkozo. Iinkozo zekholomu zinegesi
amaqamza kwimida yeenkozo ebangelwa kukungacoceki kwefluorme8. Ngoko ke, ukuba
i-fine grain substrate surface isuswe phambi kwe-welding, i-weldment ayinayo indawo ye-metallographically detectable heat-chaffected zone. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ze-CVD (ezifana ne-extruded okanye i-tubing ezotyiweyo) indawo echatshazelwe bubushushu ye-weld inesakhiwo esiqhelekileyo sokuhlanjululwa kweenkozo.
Ukuqhekeka kwafunyanwa kwimida yengqolowa ye-columnar kwi-RAZ yee-welds ezininzi kwi-CVD tungsten. Oku kuqhekeka, kuboniswe kwi-Fig. Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu elibandakanyekayo kwi-welding, ama-bubbles akwazi ukuchitha indawo eninzi yomda wengqolowa; oku, kudityaniswe noxinzelelo oluveliswa ngexesha lokupholisa, kwatsala imida yeenkozo ukuze yenze i-crack. Uphononongo lokubunjwa kweqamza kwi-tungsten kunye nezinye iidiphozithi zetsimbi ngexesha lonyango lobushushu lubonisa ukuba amaqamza avela kwiintsimbi ezifakwe ngaphantsi kwe-0.3 Tm (ubushushu obunyibilikayo obuyi-homologous). Olu qwalaselo lucebisa ukuba amaqamza erhasi enzeka ngokudityaniswa kwezithuba ezivalelekileyo kunye neerhasi ngexesha lokubanjwa. Kwimeko ye-CVD tungsten, igesi mhlawumbi i-fluorine okanye i-fluoride compound
I-Electron Beam Welding-I-tungsten engafakwanga yayiyi-electron beam edityanisiweyo kunye nangaphandle kokufudumeza kwangaphambili. Imfuno yokutshisa kwangaphambili yahluka kunye nomzekelo. Ukuqinisekisa i-weld engenazo iintanda, ukutshisa ubuncinci kwi-DBTT yesiseko sesinyithi kuyacetyiswa. Iintsimbi ze-Electron zentsimbi kwiimveliso zesinyithi sesinyithi nazo zine-weld porosity ekhankanywe ngaphambili.

Irhasi ye-Tungsten-Arc Braze Welding一Kuzama ukufumanisa ukuba ukuwelda ngobhedu kungasetyenziselwa inzuzo, siye sazama inkqubo yegesi ye-tungstenarc yokwenza i-welds yobhedu kwiphepha le-metallurgy tungsten. i-butt edibeneyo ngaphambi kwe-welding. Iintsimbi zeBraze zaveliswa ngeNb engafakwanga, Ta, Mo, Re, kunye ne-W-26% Re njengentsimbi yokuzalisa. Njengoko bekulindelekile, bekukho i-porosity kumgca wokudityaniswa kumacandelo e-metallographic kuwo onke amalungu (umzobo 6) ekubeni isiseko sesinyithi yayizimveliso zesinyithi somgubo. Iintsimbi ezenziwe nge-niobium kunye ne-molybdenum filler metal zaphuka.
Ukuqina kweewelds kunye ne-braze welds yafaniswa nophononongo lwe-bead-on-plate welds ezenziwe nge-tungsten engaxutywanga kunye ne-W 一26% Re njengesinyithi sokuzalisa. Irhasi ye-tungstenarc welds kunye ne-braze welds zenziwe ngesandla kwiimveliso ze-metallurgy ze-tungsten ezingaxutywanga (i-porosity ephantsi, ibakala lobunikazi (i-GE-15) kunye nebakala lezorhwebo eliqhelekileyo). I-Welds kunye ne-braze welds kwisixhobo ngasinye yayineminyaka engama-900, i-1200, i-1600 kunye ne-2000 ° C ye-l, i-10, i-100 kunye ne-1000 hr. Iisampulu zavavanywa ngokwemetallographically, kwaye ukutyhutyha ubulukhuni kwathathwa kuyo yonke i-weld, indawo echaphazelekileyo, kunye nesiseko sesinyithi zombini njengoko-welding nasemva konyango lobushushu.

Itheyibhile 2

Isazobe2

Kuba izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kolu phononongo yayizimveliso zesinyithi somgubo, inani elahlukileyo le-porosity lalikhona kwi-weld kunye ne-braze weld deposits. Kwakhona, amalungu enziwe ngomgubo oqhelekileyo wesinyithi we-tungsten yesiseko sesinyithi ayene-porosity eninzi kunezo zenziwe nge-porosity ephantsi, i-tungsten yobunini. Iintsimbi zobhedu ezenziwe nge-W-26% Re filler metal zine-porosity encinci kune-welds ezenziwe ngentsimbi engaxutywanga ye-tungsten.
Akukho mpembelelo yexesha okanye ubushushu obuqondwayo ngobulukhuni beewelds ezenziwe nge-tungsten engafakwanga njengentsimbi yokuzalisa. Njengoko i-welded, imilinganiselo yobunzima be-weld kunye nesiseko sesinyithi yayihlala ihleli kwaye ayizange itshintshe emva kokuguga. Nangona kunjalo, iintsimbi zobhedu ezenziwe nge-W-26% Re filler metal zazinzima kakhulu njengoko ziveliswa kunesiseko sesinyithi (Umfanekiso 7). Mhlawumbi ukuqina okuphezulu kwe-W-Re br立e weld deposit kwaba ngenxa yokuqina kwesisombululo esiluqilima kunye/okanye ubukho besigaba esisasazwe kakuhle kwisakhiwo esomeleleyo. Umzobo wesigaba se-tungstenrhenium11 ubonisa ukuba iindawo ezihlala kwindawo ephezulu ye-rhenium zinokuthi zenzeke ngexesha lokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye kubangele ukubunjwa kwesigaba esinzima, esiqhekezayo kwi-substructure ehluke kakhulu. Ngokunokwenzeka isigaba se-er sasasazwa ngokucokisekileyo kwiinkozo okanye kwimida yeenkozo, nangona kungekho nasinye esasikhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba sichongwe ngovavanyo lwe-metallographic okanye i-X-ray diffraction.
Ubunzima bucwangciswe njengomsebenzi womgama ukusuka kumgca we-braze-weld center kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo okuguga kwi-Fig. 7A. Qaphela utshintsho olukhawulezileyo

ngobulukhuni kumgca wokudibanisa. Ngokunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa okuguga, ubunzima be-braze weld behla de, emva kwe-100 hr kwi-J 600 ° C, ubunzima bufana nentsimbi yesiseko se-tungsten engaxutywanga. Lo mkhwa wokuncipha kobulukhuni kunye nokwanda kwamaqondo obushushu agcinwe ngokwenyani kuwo onke amaxesha okukhula. Ukunyuka kwexesha kwiqondo lokushisa elihlala njalo kubangele ukuhla kwe-simiJar kubunzima, njengoko kuboniswe kwiqondo lokushisa lokuguga lika-1200 ° C kwi-Fig. 7B.
Ukudibanisa yi-Chemical Vapor Deposition-Ukudibanisa i-tungsten ngobuchule be-CVD yaphandwa njengendlela yokuvelisa i-welds kwi-designs eyahlukeneyo yoyilo. Ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo kunye neemaski ukunciphisa ukubekwa kwiindawo ezifunwayo, i-CVD kunye ne-powder metallurgy tungsten sheets zadityaniswa kwaye isiphelo sokuvalwa kwityhubhu senziwa. Ukubekwa kwi-bevel kunye ne-angle ehlanganisiweyo malunga ne-90 deg eveliswe ukuqhekeka, i-Fig. 8A, kwi-intersections ye-columnar grains ekhula ukusuka ebusweni obunye be-bevel kunye ne-substrate (eyayicinywa kude). Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhamla okuphezulu kwengqibelelo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukuqokelelwa kwezinto ezingcolileyo kufunyenwe, i-Fig. tangent kwingcambu ye weld. Ukubonisa ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwale nkqubo ekwenziweni kwezinto zepetroli, ukuvalwa okumbalwa kwesiphelo kwenziwa kwiibhubhu ze-tungsten. La malungu ebeqinile ukuvuza xa evavanywa ngesikhangeli se-helium mass spectrorr:eter leak detector.

Umfanekiso wesi-3

Umzobo 4

Umfanekiso wesi-5

Iipropati zoomatshini
Uvavanyo lwe-Bend ye-Fusion Welds 一I-Ductile-to-brittle transition curves yamiselwa kumalungu ahlukeneyo kwi-tungsten engafakwanga. Iigophe kwi-Fig. 9 ibonisa ukuba i-DBTT ye-powder metallurgy base base metallurgy yayimalunga ne-50 ° C. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-DBTT (iqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kakhulu apho i-90 ukuya kwi-105 deg bend ingenziwa) kuzo zombini izixhobo zanda kakhulu emva kwe-welding. . Amaqondo obushushu enguqu anyuke malunga ne-175° C ukuya kwixabiso lama-325° C kumgubo we-tungsten yomgubo wesinyithi kwaye anyuke malunga ne-235° C ukuya kwixabiso lama-385° C kwi-porosity ephantsi, imathiriyeli yobunini. Umahluko kwi-DBTT yezinto ezidibeneyo kunye ne-welded zibangelwa ubungakanani obukhulu beenkozo kunye nokusasazwa kwakhona kokungcola kwee-welds kunye nemimandla echaphazelekayo yokushisa. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba i-DBTT ye-powder metallurgy tungsten welds yayingaphantsi kunaleyo yempahla yobunikazi, nangona le yokugqibela yayine-porosity encinci. I-DBTT ephezulu yeweld kwi-low porosity tungsten isenokuba kungenxa yobukhulu bayo obuziinkozo obukhudlwana, umfanekiso 3A kunye no-3C.
Iziphumo zophando lokufumanisa iDBTT's kwinani lamalungu kwi-tungsten engafakwanga zishwankathelwa kwiTheyibhile 3. Uvavanyo lokugoba lwalunovakalelo kakhulu kutshintsho lwenkqubo yovavanyo. Ukugoba kweengcambu kubonakale ngathi kukudumba ngakumbi kunokugoba kobuso. Isiqabu soxinzelelo esikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo emva kwe-welding sibonakale siyithoba kakhulu iDBTT. I-CVD tungsten yayine, njengoko i-welded, i-DBTT iphezulu (560℃); kodwa xa inikwe isiqabu soxinzelelo lweyure e-1 se-1000℃ emva kwe-welding, i-DBTT yayo yehla yaya kutsho kuma-350℃. ukukhululeka koxinzelelo lwe-1000 ° C emva kwe-welding, i-DBTT yayo yehla ukuya kwi-350 ° C. welding. Ukukhululeka koxinzelelo lweyure e-1 kwi-1000 ° C kwijoyini eyenziwe ngeendlela ze-CVD kuvelise eyona DBTT iphantsi (200 ° C). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngelixa le ternperature yenguqu yayisezantsi kakhulu kunanoma yimuphi omnye ubushushu benguqu obugqitywe kolu phononongo, ukuphuculwa mhlawumbi kuphenjelelwe lizinga elisezantsi loxinzelelo (0.1 vs 0.5 ipm) elisetyenziswe kwiimvavanyo kumalungu e-CVD.

Bend Uvavanyo lwebraze welds-gas tungsten-arc braze welds ezenziwe ngeNb. I-Ta, i-Mo, i-Re, kunye ne-W-26% Re njengeentsimbi zokuzalisa zavavanywa kwakhona kwaye iziphumo zishwankathelwa kwitheyibhile 4. eyona ductility yafunyanwa nge-rhenium braze weld.

Nangona iziphumo zolu phononongo lwecursory zibonisa ukuba isinyithi sokuzalisa esahlukileyo sinokuvelisa amajoyina aneempawu zobuchwephesha ngaphakathi ukuya kwi-homogeneous welds kwi-tungsten, ezinye zezi zinyithi zokugcwalisa zinokuba luncedo ekusebenzeni.

Iziphumo zeTungsten Alloys.