Iqela leenzululwazi ezisuka kwi-NUST MISIS lenze imathiriyeli yeceramic eneyona ndawo iphezulu yokunyibilika phakathi kweekhompawundi ezaziwayo ngoku. Ngenxa yokudityaniswa okukhethekileyo kweempawu zomzimba, ezoomatshini kunye nezobushushu, izinto zithembisa ukusetyenziswa kwezona nxalenye zithwele ubushushu benqwelo-moya, njengeempumlo, iinjini zejethi kunye neencam ezibukhali zamaphiko asebenza kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-2000 degrees C. Iziphumo zipapashwa kwiCeramics International.

Uninzi lweearhente ezikhokelayo zendawo (NASA, ESA, kunye neearhente zaseJapan,eTshayinakunye neIndiya) baphuhlisa ngokusebenzayo iinqwelomoya eziphinda zisebenziseke, eziya kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusa abantu kunye nempahla kwi-orbit, kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba phakathi kweenqwelomoya.

“Okwangoku, iziphumo ezibalulekileyo zifunyenwe kuphuhliso lwezixhobo ezinjalo. Umzekelo, ukunciphisa iradiyasi ejikelezayo yeencam ezibukhali zangaphambili zamaphiko ukuya kwiisentimitha ezimbalwa kukhokelela ekunyukeni okubonakalayo kokunyuka kunye nokuhamba, kunye nokunciphisa ukutsalwa kwe-aerodynamic. Nangona kunjalo, xa uphuma kwi-atmosfera uze uphinde ungene kuyo, kumphezulu wamaphiko e-spaceplane, amaqondo obushushu amalunga nama-2000 degrees C angabonwa, afikelele kuma-4000 degrees C emphethweni kanye. Ngoko ke, xa kufikwa kwinqwelo-moya enjalo, kukho umbuzo onxulumene nokudalwa kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezinto ezintsha ezinokusebenza kumaqondo okushisa anjalo, "utsho uDmitry Moskovskikh, intloko ye-NUST MISIS Centre for Constructional Ceramic Materials.

Ngexesha lophuhliso lwakutsha nje, injongo yezazinzulu yayikukudala izinto ezinomgangatho ophezulu wokunyibilika kunye neempawu eziphezulu zomatshini. Inkqubo ye-hafnium-carbon-nitrogen kathathu, i-hafnium carbonitride (Hf-CN), yakhethwa, njengoko izazinzulu ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseBrown (US) ngaphambili zaxela kwangaphambili ukuba i-hafnium carbonitride iya kuba ne-thermal conductivity ephezulu kunye nokuchasana ne-oxidation, kunye nokunyibilika okuphezulu. indawo phakathi kwazo zonke iikhompawundi ezaziwayo (malunga nama-4200 degrees C).

Ukusebenzisa indlela yokusasaza ubushushu obuphezulu, izazinzulu ze-NUSTMISIS zafumana i-HfC0.5N0.35, (i-hafnium carbonitride) kufutshane nokwakheka kwethiyori, ngobunzima obuphezulu be-21.3 GPa, obuphezulu ngakumbi kunezinto ezintsha ezithembisayo, njenge-ZrB2/SiC (20.9 GPa) kunye ne-HfB2/SiC/TaSi2 (18.1 GPA).

“Kunzima ukulinganisa indawo yokunyibilika kwesixhobo xa ingaphezu kwama-4000 degrees С. Ngoko ke, sagqiba ekubeni sithelekise ukushisa okunyibilikayo kwekhompawundi edibeneyo kunye nentshatsheli yokuqala, i-hafnium carbide. Ukwenza oku, sibeka iisampuli ze-HFC kunye ne-HfCN ezixinzelelweyo kwi-graphite plate efana ne-dumbbell, kwaye sigqume phezulu ngeplate efanayo ukuphepha ukulahlekelwa bubushushu, "utsho uVeronika Buinevich, umfundi we-NUST MISIS emva kokuthweswa isidanga.

Emva koko, bayifaka kwibhetri besebenzisaii-electrode ze-molybdenum. Zonke iimvavanyo zenziwa ngokunzuluvacuum. Ekubeni i-cross-section of graphite plates ihluke, ubushushu obuphezulu bufikelelwe kwindawo encinci. Iziphumo zokufudumeza kwangaxeshanye kwezinto ezintsha, i-carbonitride, kunye ne-hafnium carbide, zibonise ukuba i-carbonitride ine-melting point ephezulu kune-hafnium carbide.

Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, indawo ethile yokunyibilika kwezinto ezintsha ingaphezulu kwama-4000 degrees C, kwaye ayinakumiselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwibhubhoratri. Kwixesha elizayo, iqela liceba ukuqhuba iimvavanyo zokulinganisa ukushisa okunyibilikayo ngepyrometry ephezulu yokushisa usebenzisa i-laser okanye ukumelana nombane. Kwakhona baceba ukufunda ukusebenza kwe-hafnium carbonitride ebangelwayo kwiimeko ze-hypersonic, eziya kufaneleka ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi kwi-industry ye-aerospace.