I-Molybdenum:

• Ngaba yinto eyenzeka ngokwendalo echongwe ngo-1778 nguCarl Wilhelm Scheele, isazinzulu saseSweden esafumanisa ioksijini emoyeni.
• Inenye yezona ndawo ziphezulu zokunyibilika kuzo zonke iielementi kodwa ukuxinana kwayo yi-25% kuphela yentsimbi enkulu.
• Iqulethwe kwii-ores ezahlukeneyo, kodwa i-molybdenite kuphela (i-MoS2) isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweemveliso ezithengiswayo ze-molybdenum.
• Ine-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kwe-thermal yayo nayiphi na imathiriyeli yobunjineli.

Isuka phi:

• Iimayini eziphambili ze-molybdenum zifumaneka eCanada, eU.SA, eMexico, ePeru naseChile. Ngo-2008, isiseko sovimba we-ore safikelela kwi-19,000,000 yeetoni zizonke (umthombo: i-US Geological Survey). I-China inowona vimba mkhulu ilandelwa yi-USA neChile.
• I-Molybdenite ingenzeka njengeyona mineralization yodwa kumzimba we-ore, kodwa ihlala inxulunyaniswa neeminerali ze-sulfide zezinye izinyithi, ngakumbi ubhedu.

Isetyenzwa njani:

• Intsimbi ekrwada iyatyunyuzwa, icolwe, ixutywe nolwelo kwaye ifakwe umoya kwinkqubo yokudada ukuze yohlule iiminerali zesinyithi ematyeni.
• Isiphumo soxinaniso siqulathe phakathi kwe-85% kunye ne-92% ye-molybdenum disulfide enokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso (MoS2). Ukugcada oku emoyeni kwi-500 ukuya ku-650 °C kuvelisa i-molybdenite concentrate eyosiweyo okanye i-RMC (Mo03), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-technical Mo oxide okanye i-tech oxide. I-40 ukuya kwi-50% ye-molybdenum isetyenziswe kule fomu, ngokukodwa njengento edibeneyo kwiimveliso zetsimbi.
• I-30-40% yemveliso ye-RMC icutshungulwa kwi-ferromolybdenum (FeMo) ngokuxuba nge-iron oxide kunye nokunciphisa nge-ferrosilicon kunye ne-aluminium kwi-reaction thermite. Ii-ingots ezibangelwayo zityunyuziwe kwaye zihlolwe ukuvelisa ubungakanani obufunwayo be-particle FeMo.
• Ngokumalunga ne-20% ye-RMC eveliswe kwihlabathi jikelele iqhutywe kwinani leemveliso zemichiza ezifana ne-molybdic oxide ecocekileyo (Mo03) kunye ne-molybdates. Isisombululo se-ammonium molybdate sinokuguqulelwa kulo naliphi na inani leemveliso ze-molybdate kunye nokuqhubekela phambili ngokubala kuvelisa i-molybdenum trioxide ecocekileyo.
• Isinyithi se-molybdenum senziwa yinkqubo yokunciphisa i-hydrogen yamanqanaba amabini ukunika i-molybdenum powder ecocekileyo.

Isetyenziselwa ntoni:

• Malunga ne-20% ye-molybdenum entsha, eveliswe kwintsimbi ekrwada isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-molybdenum-grade steel stainless.
• Iintsimbi zobunjineli, isixhobo kunye nesantya esiphezulu sentsimbi, intsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye ne-superalloys ngokudibeneyo i-akhawunti eyongezelelweyo ye-60% yokusetyenziswa kwe-molybdenum.
• I-20% eseleyo isetyenziswa kwiimveliso eziphuculweyo ezifana ne-lubricant grade molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), i-molybdenum chemical compounds kunye ne-molybdenum metal.

Izibonelelo zezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokusetyenziswa:

Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo

• I-Molybdenum iphucula ukuxhathisa umhlwa kunye namandla aphezulu obushushu bazo zonke iintsimbi ezingenasici. Inesiphumo esilungileyo esinamandla ngakumbi kwi-pitting kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola kwi-crevice kwizisombululo ezine-chloride, iyenza ibaluleke kakhulu kwimichiza kunye nezinye izicelo zokusetyenzwa.
• Iintsimbi ze-molybdenum ezine-stainless stainless zixhathisa ngokugqwesileyo kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo, ukwakha kunye nokwakha, zinika ukuguquguquka okukhulu koyilo kunye nobomi boyilo olwandisiweyo.
• Uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ziveliswa kwi-molybdenum-containing steel stainless steel ukunyusa izinga lokukhuselwa kwi-corrosion, kubandakanywa amacandelo esakhiwo, uphahla, iindonga zamakhethini, i-handrails, i-swimming pool liners, iingcango, izixhobo zokukhanya kunye ne-sunscreens.

Iisuphaloyi

Ezi ziquka ii-alloys ezixhathisa ukubola kunye ne-alloys yobushushu obuphezulu:

• I-alloys esekwe kwi-nickel enganyangekiyo equlethe i-molybdenum isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezivezwe kwindawo enomhlwa kakhulu kuluhlu olubanzi lwemizi-mveliso yenkqubo kunye nokusetyenziswa, kubandakanywa iiyunithi zegesi ye-flue desulfurization esetyenziselwa ukususa isulfure ekukhutshweni kwesikhululo samandla.
• I-alloys yobushushu obuphezulu mhlawumbi iqinisiwe-isisombululo esomeleziweyo, esinika ukuxhathisa umonakalo obangelwa ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, okanye i-age-hardable, enika amandla ongezelelweyo ngaphandle kokunciphisa kakhulu i-ductility kwaye iphumelele kakhulu ekunciphiseni i-coefficient yokwanda kwe-thermal.

Iintsimbi ze-alloy

• Isixa nje esincinci se-molybdenum siphucula ukuqina, kunciphisa i-embrittlement kunye nokunyusa ukuxhathisa kuhlaselo lwe-hydrogen kunye nokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lwe-sulfide.
• I-molybdenum eyongeziweyo iphinda ikhulise amandla aphezulu okushisa kunye nokuphucula i-weldability, ngokukodwa kumandla aphezulu aphantsi kwe-alloy (HSLA) steels. Ezi zintsimbi zokusebenza eziphezulu zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo, ukusuka kwiimoto ezilula ukuya ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwizakhiwo, iipayipi kunye neebhuloho, ukugcina zombini ubuninzi bentsimbi efunekayo kunye namandla kunye nokukhutshwa okuhambelana nokuveliswa kwayo, ukuthutha kunye nokuveliswa.

Okunye ukusetyenziswa

Imizekelo ekhethekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-molybdenum ibandakanya:

• I-alloys esekwe kwi-molybdenum, ezinamandla abalaseleyo kunye nokuzinza komatshini kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu (ukuya kwi-1900 ° C) kwiindawo ezingenayo i-oxidizing okanye i-vacuum. I-ductility yabo ephezulu kunye nokuqina kunika ukunyamezela okukhulu kokungafezeki kunye nokuphuka kwe-brittle kune-ceramics.
• I-alloys ye-Molybdenum-tungsten, ephawulwe ngokuxhathisa okukhethekileyo kwi-zinc etyhidiweyo
• I-Molybdenum-25% i-rhenium alloys, esetyenziselwa amacandelo e-rocket injini kunye nolwelo lokutshintsha ubushushu bentsimbi ekufuneka ibe yi-ductile kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.
• I-Molybdenum efakwe ngobhedu, ngokwenza ukwanda okuphantsi, iibhodi zeesekethe ze-elektroniki ze-conductivity eziphezulu
• I-Molybdenum oxide, esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwee-catalysts kumashishini e-petrochemical kunye neekhemikhali, isasazwe ngokubanzi ekusulungekisweni kwe-oyile ekrwada ukunciphisa umxholo wesulfure kwiimveliso ezisulungekisiweyo.
• Iimveliso zeMolybdenum zeChemical ezisetyenziswa kwipolymer compounding, corrosion inhibitors kunye nehigh-performance lubricant formulations.