1. Intshayelelo

Iingcingo zeTungsten, ezinobungqingqwa obusuka kwinani ukuya kumashumi eemitha ezincinci, zenziwe ngeplastiki zibe zispirals kwaye zisetyenziselwa imvelaphi yokukhanya kunye nokukhupha ukukhanya. Ukwenziwa kweengcingo kusekwe kubuchwephesha bomgubo, oko kukuthi, umgubo we-tungsten ofunyenwe ngenkqubo yemichiza uphantsi koxinzelelo ngokulandelelanayo, ukucwiliswa, kunye nokwenziwa kweplastiki (i-rotary forging and drawing). Qaphela ukuba inkqubo ye-wire-winding kufuneka ibangele iimpawu zeplastiki ezintle kwaye "ingabi phezulu kakhulu" i-elasticity. Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yeemeko zokuxhaphazwa kwe-spirals, kwaye ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, ukuxhathisa okufunekayo okuphezulu, iingcingo ezihlaziyiweyo azifanelekanga ukuveliswa, ngakumbi ukuba zinesakhiwo esinqabileyo.

Ukuguqula iimpawu ze-mechanical kunye neplastiki yezinto ze-me-tallic, ngokukodwa, ukunciphisa umsebenzi oqinileyo onzima ngaphandle kokunyangwa kwe-annealing kunokwenzeka usebenzisa uqeqesho lwe-me-chanical. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukubeka isinyithi ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukutshintshwa, kunye nokuguqulwa kweplastiki ephantsi. Iziphumo ze-cyclic contraflexure kwiipropathi zoomatshini zesinyithi zibhalwe, phakathi kwezinye, kwiphepha le-Bochniak ne-Mosor [1], apha kusetyenziswa i-CuSn 6.5 % imicu yobhedu yetin. Kwaboniswa ukuba uqeqesho loomatshini lukhokelela ekubeni umsebenzi uthambe.
Ngelishwa, iiparamitha zoomatshini zeengcingo ze-tungsten ezigqitywe kuvavanyo olulula lwe-uniaxial tensile azanelanga ukuqikelela indlela abaziphatha ngayo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-spirals. Ezi ngcingo, nangona zineempawu ezifanayo zoomatshini, zihlala zibonakaliswa ngokwahluke kakhulu ekuchaphazelekeni kokujija. Ke ngoko, xa uvavanya iimpawu zetekhnoloji yocingo lwe-tungsten, iziphumo zolu vavanyo lulandelayo zithathwa njengezithembekileyo: i-core winding, i-unidirectional torsion, i-knife-edge compres-sion, i-bend-and-stretch, okanye i-reversible banding [2] . Kutshanje, uvavanyo olutsha lwetekhnoloji lucetywayo [3], apho ucingo lufakwe kwi-torsion ngaxeshanye kunye noxinzelelo (uvavanyo lwe-TT), kunye nemeko yoxinzelelo-ngokombono wababhali-isondele kwinto eyenzekayo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. ye-fila-ments. Ngaphezu koko, iziphumo zeemvavanyo ze-TT eziqhutywe kwiingcingo ze-tung-sten ezinobubanzi obuhlukeneyo ziye zabonisa amandla ayo okulindela ukuziphatha kwabo kamva ngexesha leenkqubo zobuchwepheshe [4, 5].

Injongo yomsebenzi othiwe thaca apha kukuphendula umbuzo wokuba, kwaye ukuba, kungakanani na ukusetyenziswa konyango lokuguqulwa kwebhayisikile (CDT) kwintambo ye-tungsten ngokugoba ngokuqhubekayo kwamazwe ngamazwe ngendlela yokucheba [6], inokuguqula umatshini kunye nobuchwepheshe bayo. iimpawu ezibalulekileyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-cyclic deformation yesinyithi (umzekelo, ngoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo okanye ukugoba kwamazwe amabini) kunokukhatshwa ziinkqubo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zolwakhiwo. Eyokuqala yimpawu ye-deformation kunye ne-amplitudes encinci kunye

Ibandakanya into ebizwa ngokuba yi-fatigue phenomena, ekhokelela ekubeni intsimbi eqiniswe ngamandla ijike ibe yinto ethambekileyo phambi kokuba itshatyalaliswe [7].

Inkqubo yesibini, eyongameleyo ngexesha lokuguqulwa kunye ne-high-strain amplitudes, ivelisa i-heterogenization eyomeleleyo ye-plastic flow-generating shear bands. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukuhlukana okukhulu kwesakhiwo sesinyithi, ngokukodwa, ukubunjwa kweenkozo ze-nano-size, ngoko ke, ukunyuka okuphawulekayo kwiipropati zayo zomatshini kwindleko yokusebenza. Umphumo onjalo ufunyenwe umz., i-corrugation ephindaphindayo eqhubekayo kunye nendlela yokuqondisa eyaphuhliswa ngu-Huang et al. [8], equka izinto ezininzi, ezitshintshanayo, ezidlulayo (eziqengqelekayo) zemigca phakathi “kokujongiwe” kunye nemiqulu egudileyo, okanye ngendlela ephucuke ngakumbi, eyindlela yokugoba ngokuqhubekayo phantsi koxinzelelo [9], apho umcu owoluliweyo. i-contraflexed ngenxa yentshukumo ebuyiselwa umva ngobude bayo besethi ejikelezayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuhlukana okubanzi kweenkozo nako kunokufumaneka ngexesha lokuguqulwa kwe-monotonic kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu, usebenzisa iindlela ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Severe Plastic Deformation method, ngokukodwa, iindlela ze-Equal Channel Angular Extrusion [10] ngokuqhelekileyo ziyanelisa iimeko ezilula. ukucheba intsimbi. Ngelishwa, zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwisikali selabhoratri kwaye ngokobuchwepheshe akunakwenzeka

ukuzisebenzisa ukufumana iimpawu ezithile zoomatshini zemicu emide okanye iingcingo.

Ezinye iinzame zenziwe ukuvavanya impembelelo yokucheba ngokujikelezayo esetyenziswayo ngokonakala kweyunithi encinci ekukwazini ukwenza kusebenze izehlo zokudinwa. Iziphumo zezifundo zovavanyo ezenziwe [11] kwimicu yobhedu kunye ne-cobalt nge-contraflexure ngokucheba yaqinisekisa le thesis ingentla. Nangona i-contraflexure kunye nendlela yokucheba ilula ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo zentsimbi ezisicaba, ukufakwa ngokuthe ngqo kweengcingo akunangqiqo, kuba, ngokwenkcazo, akuqinisekisi ukufumana isakhiwo esifanayo, kwaye ngoko ke iipropati ezifanayo kwi. Isangqa (eneradiyasi ejoliswe ngokungenasizathu) yocingo. Ngesi sizathu, eli phepha lisebenzisa indlela esandula ukwenziwa kunye neyoqobo ye-CDT eyilelwe iingcingo ezibhityileyo, ezisekelwe ekugobeni okuthe gqolo kwamacala amaninzi ngokucheba.

Umzobo 1 Inkqubo yoqeqesho lomatshini lweengcingo:1 ucingo lwe-tungsten,2 ikhoyili ngocingo ukuze ikhulule,3 inkqubo ezintandathu ezijikelezayo ziyafa,4 ikhoyili ejikajikayo,5 ukuphuka ubunzima, kunye6 isiqhoboshi (isilinda sentsimbi enebhanti yenkcenkce yobhedu ngeenxa zonke)

2. Linge

I-CDT yocingo lwe-tungsten kunye nobubanzi be-200 μm lwenziwa kwisixhobo sovavanyo esakhiwe ngokukodwa esiskimu esiboniswe kwi-Fig.

(2) kunye nobubanzi be-100 mm, yaziswa kwinkqubo ye-dies ezintandathu (3), enemingxuma enobubanzi obufanayo nocingo, egxininiswe kwizindlu eziqhelekileyo kwaye ijikeleza i-axis ngesantya se-1,350 rev / imiz. Emva kokudlula kwisixhobo, ucingo lufakwe kwi-coil (4) kunye nobubanzi be-100 mm ejikelezayo ngesantya se-115 rev / min. Iiparamitha ezisetyenzisiweyo zigqiba ngesantya somgca wocingo olunxulumene neefa ezijikelezayo yi-26.8 mm / rev.

Uyilo olufanelekileyo lwenkqubo yokufa luthetha ukuba isibini ngasinye sokufa sasijikeleza ngokufihlakeleyo (umzobo 2), kwaye isiqwenga ngasinye socingo oludlula kwiifa ezijikelezayo sasiphantsi kokugoba okuqhubekayo kwamazwe amaninzi ngokucheba okungeniswa nge-ayina kumda womhlaba ongaphakathi wokufa.

Umzobo 2 Uyilo olucwangcisiweyo lwezinto ezijikelezayo ziyafa (ezibhalwe ngenani3 kuMfanekiso 1)

Umzobo 3 Inkqubo yokufa: umbono jikelele; b amalungu asisiseko:1 ucentric uyafa,2 i-eccentric iyafa,3 amakhonkco e-spacer

I-wireless wire yayiphantsi kwempembelelo yoxinzelelo lokuqala ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwengcinezelo, engakhuseli nje kuphela ekubanjweni, kodwa iphinda inqume inxaxheba edibeneyo yokugoba kunye nokucheba i-deformation. Oku kwakunokwenzeka ukufezekisa ukubonga kwi-brake efakwe kwi-coil ngendlela ye-tin bronze strip ecinezelwe ngobunzima (ochongwe njenge-5 kunye ne-6 kwi-Fig. 1). Umzobo 3 ubonisa imbonakalo yoqeqesho lwesixhobo xa isongiwe, kunye nenxalenye yayo nganye. Ukuqeqeshwa kweengcingo kwenziwa ngobunzima obubini obahlukeneyo:

I-4.7 kunye ne-8.5 N, ukuya kuthi ga kwisine sidlula kwiseti yee-dies. Uxinzelelo lwe-Axial lwaba ngokulandelelanayo kwi-150 kunye ne-270 MPa.

Uvavanyo lwe-Tensile yocingo (zombini kwimeko yokuqala kunye nokuqeqeshwa) lwenziwa kumatshini wokuvavanya iZwick Roell. Ubude besampulu yegeyiji yayiyi-100 mm kunye nesantya soxinzelelo

8×10⁻³ s⁻¹. Kwimeko nganye, inqaku elinye lomlinganiselo (kwimeko nganye

yokwahluka) imele ubuncinci iisampulu ezintlanu.

Uvavanyo lwe-TT lwenziwa kwisixhobo esikhethekileyo esiboniswe kwi-Fig. 4 ngaphambili enikezelwe nguBochniak et al. (2010). Umbindi wentambo ye-tungsten (1) enobude obuyi-1 m yafakwa kwindawo yokubambisa (2), emva koko iziphelo zayo, emva kokudlula kwimiqulu yesikhokelo (3), nokuncamathisela iintsimbi (4) ze-10 N nganye; zavalwa kwibamba (5). Intshukumo ejikelezayo yokubambisa (2) yaphumela ekujijekeni kwamaqhekeza amabini ocingo

(bazisondeze ngokwabo), beneziphelo ezizinzileyo zesampulu evavanyiweyo, yenziwa ngokunyuka kancinci koxinzelelo loxinzelelo.

Iziphumo zovavanyo yaba linani lokujija (N_T) efunekayo ukukrazula ucingo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo yenzeke phambi kwe-tangle eyenziwe, njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Fig. Emva koqeqesho, ucingo lwalunemilo ejikelezayo encinci. Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba ngokwamaphepha kaBochniak noPieła (2007) [4] kunye noFilipek (2010)

[5] uvavanyo lwe-TT yindlela elula, ekhawulezayo, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi yokumisela iimpawu zethekhinoloji zeengcingo ezilungiselelwe ukujijwa.

Isazobe 4 Isikimu sovavanyo lwe-TT:1 ucingo oluvavanyiweyo,2 ukubamba okujikeleziswa yimoto yombane, kudityaniswa nesixhobo sokurekhoda esijijekileyo,3 imiqulu yesikhokelo,4ubunzima,5 imihlathi ibambe iziphelo zocingo

3. Iziphumo

Umphumo woxinzelelo lokuqala kunye nenani lokudlula kwinkqubo ye-CDT kwiipropati zeengcingo ze-tungsten ziboniswe kwiMifanekiso. I-6 kunye ne-7. I-scatter enkulu yeeparameters zomatshini ezifunyenweyo zocingo zibonisa umlinganiselo we-inhomogeneity yezinto ezifunyenwe ngeteknoloji ye-powder, kwaye ngoko ke, uhlalutyo olwenziwayo lujolise kwiindlela zokutshintsha kweempawu ezivavanyiweyo kwaye kungekhona kwimilinganiselo yazo epheleleyo.

Ucingo lwe-tungsten yorhwebo luphawulwa ngamaxabiso aphakathi oxinzelelo lweyield (YS) olulingana ne-2,026 MPa, amandla okugqibela e-tensile (UTS) angama-2,294 MPa, ukongezwa ngokupheleleyo kwe

A≈2.6 % kunye ne-N_Tkangangoko 28. Nokuba yeyiphi na

Ubukhulu bexinzelelo olusetyenzisiweyo, i-CDT ibangela encinci kuphela

ukuncipha kwe-UTS (engadlulanga kwi-3% yocingo emva kokudlula ezine), kunye ne-YS kunyeA hlala ngokulinganayo kwinqanaba elifanayo (Imifanekiso 6a-c kunye ne-7a-c).

Umzobo we-5 Umbono we-tungsten ucingo emva kokuphuka kuvavanyo lwe-TT

Umfanekiso wesi-6 Isiphumo soqeqesho ngoomatshini (inani lokupasa n) koomatshini (a–c) nakwithekhinoloji (d) (echazwe nguN_Tkuvavanyo lwe-TT) iipropati zocingo lwe-tungsten; ixabiso eliqhotyoshelweyo lobunzima be-4.7 N

I-CDT ihlala ikhokelela ekwandeni okubalulekileyo kwinani lokujija i-N_T. Ngokukodwa, kwiipasi ezimbini zokuqala, uN_Tifikelela ngaphezu kwe-34 kwitension ye-4.7 N kwaye iphantse ibe yi-33 kwi-tension ye-8.5 N. Oku kubonisa ukwanda okumalunga nama-20% ngokubhekiselele kwintambo yorhwebo. Ukusebenzisa inani eliphezulu lokupasa kukhokelela ekwandeni okungaphezulu kwe-N_Tkuphela kwimeko yoqeqesho phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-4.7 N. Ucingo emva kokudlula okune lubonisa ubukhulu obuphakathi kwe-N_Tngaphezu kwe-37, leyo, xa kuthelekiswa nocingo kwimeko yokuqala, imele ukwanda okungaphezulu kwe-30%. Uqeqesho olongezelelweyo lwecingo kuxinzelelo oluphezulu alusayi kuphinda lutshintshe ubukhulu be-N ebiphunyeziwe ngaphambili._Tamaxabiso (imizobo 6d kunye ne-7d).

4. Uhlalutyo

Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zibonisa ukuba indlela esetyenzisiweyo kwi-CDT ye-tungsten yocingo ayitshintshi iparamitha yayo yomatshini egqitywe kuvavanyo lwe-tensile (kwakukho ukuncipha okuncinci kumandla okugqibela), kodwa yandise kakhulu

iipropati zobuchwepheshe zijolise kwimveliso ye-spirals; oku kumelwa linani lokujija kuvavanyo lwe-TT. Oku kuqinisekisa iziphumo zezifundo zangaphambili ezenziwa nguBochniak noPieła (2007)

[4] malunga nokungabikho kokuhlangana kweziphumo zovavanyo lwe-tensile kunye nokuziphatha okuqatshelweyo kweengcingo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-spirals.

Ukusabela kweengcingo ze-tungsten kwinkqubo ye-CDT ngokuphawulekayo kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo olusetyenzisiweyo. Ngamandla oxinzelelo oluphantsi, umntu ujonga ukukhula kweparabolic kwinani lokujija kunye nenani lokudlula, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwamaxabiso amakhulu oxinzelelo kukhokelela (sele emva kokudlula kabini) ukufezekisa imeko yokugcwala kunye nokuzinzisa kwetekhnoloji efunyenwe ngaphambili. iipropati (Imifanekiso 6d kunye ne-7d).

Ezo mpendulo zahlukeneyo zocingo lwe-tungsten zigxininisa into yokuba ubukhulu boxinzelelo bumisela utshintsho lobungakanani bemeko yoxinzelelo kunye nemeko yokonakala kwezinto kwaye ngenxa yoko ukuziphatha kwayo kweelastiki-plastiki. Ukusebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu ngexesha lenkqubo yokugoba iplastiki kucingo oludlulayo phakathi kokungalungelelani kakuhle okulandelelanayo kuphumela kwiradiyasi encinci yokugoba ucingo; kungoko, ubunzima beplastiki kwicala elithe ngqo kwi-axis yocingo olunoxanduva lwendlela yokucheba inkulu kwaye ikhokelela ekuhambeni kweplastiki yendawo kwiibhanti zokucheba. Kwelinye icala, uxinezeleko oluphantsi lubangela ukuba inkqubo ye-CDT yocingo yenzeke ngokuthatha inxaxheba okukhulu kwe-elastic strain (oko kukuthi, i-plastic strain part incinci), ethanda ukongamela i-homo-geneous deformation. Ezi meko zahluke mpela kuleyo yenzeka ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-uniaxial tensile.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba i-CDT iphucula iimpawu zobuchwepheshe kuphela kwiingcingo ezinomgangatho owaneleyo, okt, ngaphandle kweziphene ezibalulekileyo zangaphakathi (i-pores, i-voids, i-discontinuities, i-micro-cracks, ukungabikho kokubambelela okwaneleyo kwimida yengqolowa, njl. ) okubangelwa yimveliso yocingo ngomgubo wesinyithi. Kungenjalo, ukwanda kokusasazeka kwexabiso elifunyenweyo lokujija i-N_Tkunye nokwanda kwenani lokudlula kubonisa ulwahlulo olunzulu lwesakhiwo socingo kwiindawo zalo ezahlukeneyo (ubude) ngoko zinokusebenza njengenqobo eluncedo yokuvavanya umgangatho wocingo lwezorhwebo. Ezi ngxaki ziya kuba ngumxholo wophando lwexesha elizayo.

Umzobo 7 Isiphumo soqeqesho ngoomatshini (inani lokupasa n) koomatshini (a–c) nakwithekhinoloji (d) (echazwe nguN_Tkuvavanyo lwe-TT) iipropati zocingo lwe-tungsten; ixabiso eliqhotyoshelweyo lobunzima be-8.5 N

5. Izigqibo

I-1, i-CDT yeengcingo ze-tungsten iphucula iipropati zabo zobuchwepheshe, njengoko kuchazwe kwi-torsion kunye novavanyo loxinzelelo ngu-N._Tngaphambi kokuqhekeka.

2, Ukwanda kweN_Tisalathisi malunga ne-20 % ifikelelwa ngocingo oluxhomekeke kuthotho lwe-CDT ezimbini.

3, Ubukhulu boxinzelelo locingo kwinkqubo ye-CDT inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwiipropati zayo zobuchwepheshe ezichazwe ngexabiso le-N._Tisalathisi. Ixabiso layo eliphezulu lafikelelwa ngocingo oluphantsi koxinzelelo oluncinci (uxinzelelo lwe-tensile).

4, Ukusebenzisa zombini uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nemijikelo engaphezulu yokugoba kumacala amaninzi ngokucheba akuthetheleleki kuba oko kubangela kuphela ukuzinzisa ixabiso elifikelelwe ngaphambili le-N._Tisalathisi.

5, Uphuculo olubonakalayo lweepropathi zetekhnoloji yocingo lwe-tungsten lwe-CDT alukhatshwa lutshintsho lweeparamitha zoomatshini ezigqitywe kuvavanyo lwe-tensile, eqinisekisa inkolelo ebambekayo ekusetyenzisweni okuphantsi kolu vavanyo ukuqikelela indlela yokuziphatha kwethekhinoloji yocingo.

Iziphumo zovavanyo ezifunyenweyo zibonisa ukufaneleka kwe-CDT yocingo lwe-tungsten kwimveliso ye-spirals. Ngokukodwa, ngokusekwe kwindlela esetyenzisiweyo ukuqhubela phambili ngokulandelelana ubude bocingo, i-cyclic, ukugoba ngeendlela ezininzi kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci, kubangela ukukhululeka koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Ngesi sizathu, kukho uthintelo kumkhwa wokuqhawuka kocingo ngexesha lokwenziwa kweplastiki ye-spirals. Ngenxa yoko, kwaqinisekiswa ukuba ukunciphisa umthamo wenkunkuma phantsi kweemeko zokuvelisa kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuvelisa ngokususa izixhobo zokuvelisa ezizisebenzelayo apho, emva kokwaphulwa kocingo, indawo yokumisa kaxakeka kufuneka isebenze “ngesandla”. ngumsebenzisi.