I-Tungsten inembali ende kunye nembali esusela kumaXesha Aphakathi, xa abasebenzi basezimayini eJamani benika ingxelo yokufumana iminerali ekruqulayo edla ngokuza kunye nentsimbi ekrwada kwaye inciphise isivuno setoti ngexesha lokunyibilikiswa. Abasebenzi basezimayini bayithiya iminerali wolfram ngenxa yomkhwa wayo “wokuqwenga” inkonkxa “njengengcuka.”
I-Tungsten yaqala ukuchongwa njengento ngo-1781, ngusokhemisti waseSweden uCarl Wilhelm Scheele, owafumanisa ukuba i-asidi entsha, awayibiza ngokuba yi-tungstic acid, inokwenziwa kwiminerali eyaziwa ngokuba yi-scheelite. UScheele noTorbern Bergman, unjingalwazi waseUppsala, eSweden, bavelisa ingcamango yokusebenzisa ukuncitshiswa kwamalahle aloo asidi ukuze bafumane isinyithi.

I-Tungsten njengoko sisazi namhlanje ekugqibeleni yabekwa yodwa njengentsimbi ngo-1783 ngoosokhemisti ababini baseSpain, abazalwana uJuan Jose noFausto Elhuyar, kwiisampulu zeminerali ebizwa ngokuba yiwolframite, eyayifana ne-tungstic acid kwaye esinika uphawu lwekhemikhali ye-tungsten (W) . Kumashumi eminyaka yokuqala emva kokufunyanwa kwezazinzulu ziye zaphonononga izicelo ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zenzeke kwi-element kunye neekhompawundi zayo, kodwa ixabiso eliphezulu le-tungsten lenze ukuba libe lisasebenza kushishino.
Ngo-1847, injineli egama linguRobert Oxland wanikwa ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ukulungiselela, ukwenza, kunye nokunciphisa i-tungsten kwifomathi yayo yesinyithi, okwenza usetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso lungabizi kakhulu kwaye ke, lube nokwenzeka ngakumbi. Iintsimbi eziqulathe i-tungsten zaqala ukuba nelungelo elilodwa lomenzi ngo-1858, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwiintsimbi zokuqala eziziqinisayo ngo-1868. Iintlobo ezintsha zeentsimbi ezine-20% ye-tungsten zaboniswa kuMboniso weHlabathi we-1900 eParis, eFransi, kwaye zanceda ukwandisa isinyithi. amashishini omsebenzi nokwakha; ezi ngxube zentsimbi zisasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiivenkile zoomatshini kunye nokwakhiwa namhlanje.

Ngomnyaka we-1904, ii-bulbs zokuqala ze-tungsten filament zinelungelo lobunikazi, zithatha indawo yezibane ze-carbon filament ezingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye zitshiswa ngokukhawuleza. Iifilaments ezisetyenziswa kwiibhalbhu zokukhanya ze-incandescent zenziwe kwi-tungsten ukusukela ngoko, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni nasekufikeleleni kwindawo yonke yezibane ezenziweyo zale mihla.
Kushishino lwezixhobo zokusebenza, imfuno yokuzoba ifa ngobulukhuni obufana nedayimani kunye nokuqina okuphezulu kwaqhubela uphuhliso lwe-tungsten carbides enesamente ngeminyaka yoo-1920. Ngokukhula koqoqosho kunye nezoshishino emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, imarike yeekhabhidi ezinesamente ezisetyenziselwa izixhobo zesixhobo kunye neendawo zokukhupha i-uction nazo zakhula. Namhlanje, i-tungsten yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintsimbi eziphikisayo, kwaye isakhutshwa ngokuyintloko kwi-wolframite kunye nenye iminerali, i-scheelite, kusetyenziswa indlela esisiseko efanayo eyenziwe ngabazalwana baka-Elhuyar.

I-Tungsten ihlala idityaniswe ngentsimbi ukwenza iintsimbi ezomeleleyo ezizinzileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye isetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso ezinjengezixhobo ezikhawulezayo zokusika kunye nemibhobho yenjini yerokethi, kunye nokusetyenziswa komthamo omkhulu we-ferro-tungsten njengamaphambili enqanawa, ngakumbi iziqhekeza zomkhenkce. Iimveliso zokusila ze-metallic tungsten kunye ne-tungsten alloy zifunwa kwizicelo apho kufuneka imathiriyeli yoxinaniso oluphezulu (19.3 g/cm3) efana ne-kinetic energy penetrators, counterweights, flywheels, kunye neerhuluneli. .
I-Tungsten iphinda ifake i-compounds - umzekelo, kunye ne-calcium kunye ne-magnesium, ivelisa iimpawu ze-phosphorescent eziluncedo kwiibhalbhu zokukhanya ze-fluorescent. I-Tungsten carbide iyikhompawundi enzima kakhulu eyenza malunga ne-65% yokusetyenziswa kwe-tungsten kwaye isetyenziswe kwizicelo ezifana neengcebiso ze-drill bits, izixhobo zokusika ngesantya esiphezulu, kunye noomatshini bemigodi i-Tungsten carbide idume ngokuxhathisa ukunxiba; enyanisweni, inokusikwa kuphela usebenzisa izixhobo zedayimani. I-Tungsten carbide iphinda ibonise ukuqhutyelwa kombane kunye ne-thermal, kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-brittleness ngumba kwizicelo ezigxininiswe kakhulu zesakhiwo kwaye zakhokelela ekuphuhliseni i-metal-bounded composites, ezifana nokongezwa kwe-cobalt ukwenza i-carbide enesamente.
Urhwebo, i-tungsten kunye neemveliso zayo ezibunjiweyo - ezinje ngealloyi ezinzima, i-tungsten yobhedu, kunye nee-electrode - zenziwe ngokucinezela kunye nokuntywila kwimilo ekufutshane nenetha. Kwiimveliso ezenziwe ngocingo kunye nentonga, i-tungsten iyacinezelwa kwaye ifakwe i-sintered, ilandelwa kukujikeleza kunye nokuphindaphinda ukuzotywa kunye nokufaka i-annealing, ukuvelisa uphawu lwesakhiwo senkozo esandisiweyo esiqhubela phambili kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo ukusuka kwiintonga ezinkulu ukuya kwiingcingo ezibhityileyo kakhulu.