I-China yococeko oluphezulu lwe-niobium enziwe ngomatshini izinto ze-niobium I-Tungsten eyenziwe

ukucoceka okuphezulu kwe-niobium ngomatshini izixhobo superconducting niobium

Inkcazelo emfutshane:

Izixhobo ze-niobium ze-Superconducting zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, kubandakanywa imagnethi ye-superconducting, i-particle accelerators kunye noomatshini be-MRI. Ikhono layo lokuqhuba umbane kumaqondo aphantsi kunye nokumelana ne-zero kwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwezi zicelo.

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Ziziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-niobium?

I-Niobium ikhona ikakhulu kwiifom ze-isotope ezimbini ezizinzileyo: i-niobium-93 kunye ne-niobium-95. Ezi isotopes amanani ahlukeneyo neutron kwinuclei zabo, kodwa zonke zibonisa iipropati imichiza efanayo. Ngokumalunga nesakhiwo sayo se-crystal, i-niobium ingaba khona kwiifom ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nezigaba ze-alpha kunye ne-beta, kuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo.

Ukongeza kwifom yayo yokuqala, i-niobium ifumaneka kwiikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-alloys. Ngokomzekelo, i-niobium-tin (i-Nb3Sn) kunye ne-niobium-titanium (i-Nb-Ti) isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuvelisa ucingo lwe-superconducting kwizicelo ezifana nemishini ye-MRI kunye ne-particle accelerators. Ezi alloys zibonisa iipropati superconducting kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ezenza zixabiseke kwintsimi superconductivity.

Ukongeza, i-niobium inokudityaniswa kunye nezinye iintsimbi ukukhulisa iipropathi zayo kwizicelo ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, i-niobium inokudibaniswa ne-zirconium, i-tantalum okanye ezinye izinto zokwenza i-alloys ngamandla aphuculweyo, ukuxhathisa ukubola okanye iipropati ze-superconducting.

Ngokubanzi, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-niobium zibandakanya ifom ye-elemental, i-isotopes, izakhiwo ze-crystal, kunye ne-alloys ezahlukeneyo kunye neekhompawundi, nganye ineempawu ezizodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Yenziwa njani i-niobium?

I-Niobium ifumaneka ikakhulu ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Brazilian pyrochlore method. Inkqubo yokutsalwa ibandakanya amanqanaba amaninzi:

1. Ukwembiwa kwemigodi: Inyathelo lokuqala libandakanya ukutsalwa kwentsimbi ekrwada ene-niobium, edla ngokunxulunyaniswa nezinye izimbiwa ezifana ne-tantalum, i-tin kunye ne-titanium. IBrazil kunye neKhanada ngabona bavelisa i-niobium ore.

2. Uncedo lwentsimbi: Intsimbi ekrwada isetyenzwa ukuze igxininise izimbiwa zeniobium. Oku kubandakanya ukutyumza, ukucola kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlula ukwahlula iiminerali ezine-niobium kwamanye amacandelo entsimbi ekrwada.

3. Ukusulungekiswa: I-niobium ore ebunjiweyo iqhubeka neenkqubo zokucokisa ngakumbi ukususa ukungcola kunye nokuvelisa i-niobium concentrate ecocekileyo kakhulu. Oku kunokubandakanya ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali, ukuvuza kunye nokutsalwa kwe-solvent ukufumana iikhompawundi ze-niobium ezisulungekileyo.

4. Ukunciphisa: I-compound ye-niobium ecocekileyo iyancitshiswa ibe yi-metallic niobium ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokushisa okuphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa iindlela ezifana nenkqubo yokunciphisa i-aluminothermic. Oku kubangela ukuveliswa kwesinyithi se-niobium kwifom yomgubo.

5. Ukudibanisa: Umgubo we-niobium emva koko udityaniswe ube yifom eqinileyo ngeenkqubo ezinjengomgubo wesinyithi, ukubumba okanye ezinye iindlela zokwenza ukuvelisa i-niobium ingots, amaphepha okanye ezinye iifom ezifunwayo.

Ngokubanzi, ukuveliswa kwe-niobium kubandakanya uchungechunge lwamanyathelo okukhupha, ukucokisa kunye nokucutshungulwa kwe-ores equkethe i-niobium ukufumana i-high-purity niobium metal ukuze isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.