Guryaha Molybdenum
| Lambarka atomiga | 42 |
| Lambarka CAS | 7439-98-7 |
| Tirada atomiga | 95.94 |
| barta dhalaalaysa | 2620°C |
| Barta karkarinta | 5560°C |
| Mugga atomiga | 0.0153 nm3 |
| Cufnaanta 20 °C | 10.2g/cm³ |
| Qaab dhismeedka crystal | cubic jirka ah |
| Lattice joogto ah | 0.3147 [nm] |
| Barwaaqo ku jira qolofta dhulka | 1.2 [g/t] |
| Xawaaraha codka | 5400 m/s (at rt) (ul khafiif ah) |
| Balaadhinta kulaylka | 4.8µm/(m·K) (markay tahay 25°C) |
| Dhaqdhaqaaqa kulaylka | 138 W/ (m·K) |
| Iska caabin koronto | 53.4 nΩ·m (oo ah 20 °C) |
| Mohs adag | 5.5 |
| adkaanta Vickers | 1400-2740Mpa |
| adkaanta brinell | 1370-2500Mpa |
Molybdenum waa curiye kiimiko ah oo leh calaamada Mo iyo lambarka atomiga 42. Magaca waxa uu ka yimid Neo-Latin molybdaenum, oo ka yimid Giriiggii hore Μόλυβδος molybdos, oo macneheedu yahay lead, maadaama macdanaheeda ay ku wareersan yihiin macdanta rasaasta. Macdanta Molybdenum waa la yaqaanay taariikhda oo dhan, laakiin curiyaha ayaa la helay (macnaha kala soocida iyada oo ah qayb cusub oo ka timid cusbada macdanta biraha kale) 1778 waxaa qoray Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Birtan waxaa markii ugu horeysay go'doomiyey 1781-kii Peter Jacob Hjelm.
Molybdenum uma dhacdo si dabiici ah sida birta xorta ah ee Dhulka; waxaa laga helaa oo kaliya gobolada kala duwan ee oksaydhka ee macdanta. Curiyaha xorta ah, bir qalin ah oo leh kabka cawl, waxa uu leeyahay barta lixaad ee ugu sareysa ee shay kasta. Waxay si sahal ah u sameysaa carbides adag oo xasilan oo ku jira alwaaxyada, iyo sababtaas awgeed inta badan wax soo saarka adduunka ee curiyaha (qiyaastii 80%) waxaa loo isticmaalaa daawaha birta, oo ay ku jiraan alaabo-xoog badan iyo superalloys.
Inta badan xeryahooda molybdenum-ka waxay leeyihiin milmayn hoose oo biyaha ah, laakiin marka macdanta molybdenum-ka wadata ay la xiriirto ogsijiinta iyo biyaha, natiijada molybdate ion MoO2-4 aad bay u milmi kartaa. Warshadaha ahaan, xeryahooda molybdenum (qiyaastii 14% wax soo saarka adduunka ee curiyaha) ayaa loo isticmaalaa cadaadiska sare iyo codsiyada heerkulka sare sida midabada iyo kicinta.
Molybdenum-sida enzymes ilaa hadda waa kicinta bakteeriyada ugu badan ee jebinta bond kiimikaad ee atmospheric nitrogen molecular ee habka hagaajinta nitrogen noolaha. Ugu yaraan 50 molybdenum enzymes ayaa hadda lagu yaqaan bakteeriyada, dhirta, iyo xayawaanka, in kasta oo bakteeriyada iyo cyanobacterial enzymes oo kaliya ay ku lug leeyihiin hagaajinta nitrogen. Nitrojiinadani waxay ka kooban yihiin molybdenum qaab ka duwan molybdenum ensaymesyada kale, kuwaas oo dhamaantood ka kooban molybdenum buuxa oo oksaydhaysan oo ku jira molybdenum cofactor. Molybdenum cofactor enzymes kala duwan ayaa muhiim u ah noolaha, iyo molybdenum waa shay lagama maarmaan u ah nolosha dhammaan noolaha eukaryote sare, in kastoo aysan ku jirin dhammaan bakteeriyada.
Tilmaamaha jirka
Qaabkeeda saafiga ah, molybdenum waa bir silvery-cawlan oo leh adkaanta Mohs ee 5.5, iyo miisaanka atomiga caadiga ah ee 95.95 g/mol. Waxay leedahay barta dhalaalaysa 2,623 °C (4,753 °F); Curiyayaasha si dabiici ah u dhaca, kaliya tantalum, osmium, rhenium, tungsten, iyo carbon ayaa leh dhibco dhalaalid sare leh. Waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah isku-beegyada ugu hooseeya ee balaadhinta kulaylka ee biraha ganacsi ahaan loo isticmaalo. Xoogga xadhkaha xadhkaha molybdenumku wuxuu kordhiyaa ilaa 3 jeer, laga bilaabo 10 ilaa 30 GPA, marka dhexroorkoodu hoos u dhaco ~ 50-100 nm ilaa 10 nm.
Waxyaabaha kiimikada
Molybdenum waa bir kala-guur ah oo leh koronto-negativity 2.16 ee miisaanka Pauling. Si muuqata ugama falceliso ogsajiinta ama biyaha heerkulka qolka. oksaydheynta daciifka ah ee molybdenum waxay ka bilaabataa 300 °C (572 °F); oksaydhaynta bulkku waxay ku dhacdaa heerkul ka sarreeya 600 °C, taasoo keentay molybdenum trioxide. Sida biraha kala-guurka badan ee culus, molybdenum waxay muujinaysaa rabitaan yar oo lagu sameeyo cation xalka aqueous, in kasta oo Mo3+ cation lagu yaqaanno xaalado taxaddar leh.
Alaabta kulul ee Molybdenum
