Supercapacitors imhando yemhando yemudziyo inogona kuchengeta uye kuendesa simba nekukurumidza kupfuura mabhatiri akajairwa. Ivo vari kudiwa zvakanyanya zvekushandisa zvinosanganisira mota dzemagetsi, wireless telecommunication uye high-powered lasers.

Asi kuti uone maapplication aya, ma supercapacitor anoda ari nani emagetsi, anobatanidza iyo supercapacitor kune zvishandiso zvinoenderana nesimba ravo. Aya maelectrode anofanirwa kunge ari ese ari maviri nekukurumidza uye akachipa kugadzira pamwero mukuru uye zvakare kukwanisa kuchaja uye kuburitsa iwo magetsi emagetsi nekukurumidza. Chikwata chemainjiniya kuYunivhesiti yeWashington vanofunga kuti vauya nehurongwa hwekugadzira supercapacitor electrode zvinhu zvinosangana neaya akaomarara maindasitiri uye mashandisiro ekushandisa.

Vatsvagiri, vachitungamirwa neUW mubatsiri purofesa wezvekushandisa sainzi uye engineering Peter Pauzauskie, vakaburitsa bepa muna Chikunguru 17 mujenari Nature Microsystems uye Nanoengineering vachitsanangura yavo supercapacitor electrode uye nekukurumidza, isingadhure nzira yavakaita. Nzira yavo itsva inotanga nekabhoni-rich zvinhu zvakaomeswa kuita yakaderera-density matrix inonzi aerogel. Iyi airgel pachayo inogona kuita seye electrode isina kuchena, asi timu yaPauzauskie yakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri kugona kwayo, iko kugona kwayo kuchengetedza kuchaji yemagetsi.

Izvi zvisingadhure zvekutanga zvekushandisa, zvakasanganiswa neyakagadziridzwa synthesis process, inoderedza zvipingamupinyi zviviri zvakajairika kukushandiswa kwemaindasitiri: mutengo nekumhanya.

"Mukushandiswa kwemaindasitiri, nguva imari," akadaro Pauzauskie. "Tinogona kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvekutanga zvemagetsi aya mumaawa, kwete mavhiki. Uye izvo zvinogona kudzikisira zvakanyanya mutengo wekugadzira yakakwira-performance supercapacitor electrodes. "

Anoshanda supercapacitor maelectrodes anogadzirwa kubva kune kabhoni-rich zvinhu izvo zvakare zvine nzvimbo yakakwirira yepamusoro. Icho chekupedzisira chinodiwa chakakosha nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika nzira supercapacitors kuchengetedza magetsi emagetsi. Ipo bhatiri rakajairika rinochengeta machaji emagetsi kuburikidza nemakemikari anoitika mukati maro, supercapacitor panzvimbo ino inochengeta uye inoparadzanisa zvakanaka uye zvakaipa mhosva yakananga pamusoro payo.

"Supercapacitors anogona kuita nekukurumidza kupfuura mabhatiri nekuti haana kuganhurirwa nekumhanya kwemaitiro kana zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuumba," akadaro munyori anotungamira Matthew Lim, mudzidzi weUW muDhipatimendi reZvishandiso Sayenzi & Injiniya. "Supercapacitors anogona kuchaja uye kuburitsa nekukurumidza, ndosaka ivo vakanaka pakuunza aya 'pulses' esimba."

"Vane maapplications makuru mumaseting apo bhatiri riri roga rinononoka," akadaro mumwe munyori anotungamira Matthew Crane, mudzidzi wechiremba muUW Dhipatimendi reChemical Engineering. "Munguva idzo bhatiri rinononoka kusangana nezvinodiwa zvesimba, supercapacitor ine yakakwira pamusoro penzvimbo electrode inogona 'kukaba' nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa kushomeka kwesimba."

Kuti uwane nzvimbo yakakwirira ye electrode inoshanda, boka racho rakashandisa aerogels. Izvi zvinhu zvakanyorova, gel-senge zvinhu zvakapfuura nemushonga wakasarudzika wekuomeswa nekudziya kuti utsive zvinhu zvavo zvemvura nemhepo kana imwe gasi. Idzi nzira dzinochengetedza chimiro che3-D gel, ichichipa nzvimbo yakakwirira uye yakanyanya kuderera. Zvakafanana nekubvisa mvura yese muJell-O isina kuderera.

"Giramu rimwe chete reairgel rine nzvimbo yakakura senge nhandare yenhabvu," akadaro Pauzauskie.

Crane yakagadzira aerogels kubva kune gel-senge polymer, chinhu chine kudzokorora zvimiro zvikamu, zvakagadzirwa kubva kune formaldehyde uye mamwe kabhoni-based mamorekuru. Izvi zvakava nechokwadi chekuti mudziyo wavo, senge anhasi supercapacitor electrode, angave ane kabhoni-rich zvinhu.

Pakutanga, Lim airatidza kuti kuwedzera graphene - inova pepa rekabhoni atomu imwe chete gobvu - kune gel yakazadza airgel yakaguma ine supercapacitor zvivakwa. Asi, Lim neCrane zvaida kuvandudza mashandiro eaerogel, uye kuita kuti synthesis process idhure uye nyore.

Mukuedza kwaLim kwekare, kuwedzera graphene kwakanga kusati kwavandudza kukwanisa kweaerogel. Saka ivo panzvimbo pacho vakarodha maaerogel ane matete mashiti angave molybdenum disulfide kana tungsten disulfide. Ose makemikari anoshandiswa zvakanyanya nhasi mumaindasitiri emafuta.

Vatsvagiri vakabata zvese zviri zviviri neakakwira-frequency mafungu eruzha kuti azvitsemuke kuita mapepa matete uye ozvisanganisa mucarbon-rich gel matrix. Vaigona kugadzira gel yakazara-yakazara nyoro mumaawa asingasviki maviri, nepo dzimwe nzira dzaizotora mazuva mazhinji.

Mushure mekutora aerogel yakaomeswa, yakaderera-density, vakaisanganisa nemanamira uye imwezve yakapfuma-kabhoni kugadzira "dou" reindasitiri, iro Lim aingokwanisa kukungurutsira kumapepa mashoma mashoma ezviuru zvemainji akakora. Vakacheka hafu-inch madhisiki kubva mukanyiwa uye vakaaunganidza mune nyore coin cell bhatiri casings kuti vaedze kushanda kwechinhu se supercapacitor electrode.

Kwete chete maelectrode avo aikurumidza, akapusa uye ari nyore kugadzira, asi ivo vakatambawo kugona kunosvika 127 muzana yakakura kupfuura iyo kabhoni-rich airgel chete.

Lim naCrane vanotarisira kuti maaerogel akatakurwa nemashizha matete emolybdenum disulfide kana tungsten disulfide—awo aive akakora maatomu gumi kusvika ku100—aizoratidza kushanda kuri nani. Asi chekutanga, ivo vaida kuratidza kuti akaremerwa aerogels angave achikurumidza uye akachipa kugadzira, nhanho inodiwa yekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Kunyatsogadzirisa kunotevera.

Chikwata chinotenda kuti kuedza uku kunogona kubatsira kusimudzira sainzi kunyangwe kunze kwenzvimbo ye supercapacitor electrodes. Aerogel-yakamiswa molybdenum disulfide inogona kuramba yakagadzikana zvakakwana kuti ikonzere kugadzirwa kwehydrogen. Uye nzira yavo yekuteya zvinhu nekukurumidza mune aerogels inogona kuiswa kune yakakwira capacitance mabhatiri kana catalysis.