1. Nhanganyaya

Waya dzeTungsten, nehupamhi kubva kune akati wandei kusvika kumakumi emamita madiki, dzakagadzirwa mupurasitiki kuita spirals uye dzinoshandiswa kune incan- descent uye kuburitsa magetsi masosi. Kugadzirwa kwewaya kunoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira hupfu, kureva, tungsten hupfu inowanikwa kuburikidza nemakemikari process inoteedzerwa nekutsikirira, sintering, uye kugadzirwa kwepurasitiki (rotary forging nekudhirowa). Ziva kuti waya-yekupeta maitiro inoda kuunza yakanaka epurasitiki zvivakwa uye "kwete yakanyanya kukwirisa" elasticity. Nekune rumwe rutivi, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemamiriro emhepo, uye pamusoro pezvose, iyo inodiwa yakakwirira-inokambaira kuramba, waya dzakagadziridzwa hadzina kukodzera kugadzirwa, kunyanya kana iine yakaomeswa-yakaomeswa chimiro.

Kugadzirisa michina uye epurasitiki zvinhu zveme-tallic zvinhu, kunyanya, kuderedza basa rakasimba rakaoma-ening pasina kurapwa kweannealing kunogoneka uchishandisa me-chanical kudzidziswa. Iyi nzira inosanganisira kuisa pasi simbi kune inodzokororwa, kushandura, uye yakaderera-plastiki deformation. Mhedzisiro ye cyclic contraflexure pamichina yesimbi yakanyorwa, pakati pezvimwe, muBochniak uye Mosor's [1] bepa, pano uchishandisa CuSn 6.5 % tin bronze mitsetse. Zvakaratidzwa kuti kudzidziswa kwemakanika kunotungamira kune kupfava kwebasa.
Nehurombo, mamechanic paramita yetambo dzetungsten dzakatemerwa mune yakapusa uniaxial tensile bvunzo hadzina kukwana kufanotaura maitiro avo mukugadzira pro-cess yemaspirals. Aya mawaya, kunyangwe akafanana emuchina zvivakwa, anowanzo zivikanwa nekusiyana kwakasiyana kukonzeresa kumhepo. Naizvozvo, kana uchiongorora hunhu hwetekinoroji yetambo yetungsten, mhedzisiro yebvunzo dzinotevera dzinoonekwa sedzinovimbika: core waya mhepo, unidirectional torsion, banga-kumucheto compres-sion, bend-and-stretch, kana reversible banding [2] . Munguva pfupi yapfuura, bvunzo nyowani yetekinoroji yakatsanangurwa [3], iyo iyo waya inoiswa panguva imwe chete torsion netension (TT bvunzo), uye mamiriro ekushushikana-mukuona kwevanyori-yava pedyo neicho chinoitika mukugadzira nzira. ye fila-ments. Uyezve, mhedzisiro yeTT bvunzo dzakaitwa patung-sten waya dzine madhayamita akasiyana dzakaratidza kugona kwayo kutarisira maitiro avo gare gare panguva yetekinoroji maitiro [4, 5].

Chinangwa chebasa rinoratidzwa pano ndechekupindura mubvunzo wekuti, uye kana, kusvika papi kushandiswa kwebhasikoro deformation kurapwa (CDT) patambo ye tungsten nekuenderera mberi kwekukotama nenzira yekuveura [6], inogona kushandura michina uye tekinoroji. zvakakosha zvinhu.

Kazhinji kutaura, iyo cyclic deformation yesimbi (semuenzaniso, nekumanikidzana uye kumanikidzana kana bilateral kukotama) inogona kuperekedzwa nemaitiro maviri akasiyana ezvimiro. Yekutanga hunhu hweiyo deformation ine madiki amplitudes uye

zvinosanganisira izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti kuneta zviitiko, zvichikonzera kuti simbi yakasimba-yakaomeswa ishanduke kuita dhizaini-yakapfava isati yaparadzwa [7].

Chechipiri maitiro, anotonga panguva yedeformation ne-high-strain amplitudes, inogadzira heterogenization yakasimba yepurasitiki inoyerera-inobudisa shear bands. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kune kupatsanurwa kwakanyanya kwechimiro chesimbi, kunyanya, kuumbwa kwezviyo zve nano-saizi, nekudaro, kuwedzera kukuru kweiyo mechanical properties pamutengo wekushanda. Mhedzisiro yakadaro inowanikwa semuenzaniso, inoenderera ichidzokorora corrugation uye nzira yekururamisa yakagadzirwa naHuang et al. [8], iyo inoumbwa neakawanda, alternate, anopfuura (kukunguruka) emitsetse pakati pe "yakagadzirirwa" uye yakatsetseka rolls, kana neimwe nzira yakaoma, inova nzira yekuramba uchikotama pasi pekunetsekana [9], apo tambo yakatambanudzwa. iri contraflexed nekuda kwekufamba kunodzoreredzwa pamwe nehurefu hwayo hweseti yemapumburu anotenderera. Zvechokwadi, kupatsanurwa kukuru kwezviyo kunogonawo kuwanikwa panguva ye monotonic deformation nekutambudzika kukuru, uchishandisa iyo inonzi Severe Plastic Deformation nzira, kunyanya, nzira dzeEqual Channel Angular Extrusion [10] dzinowanzogutsa mamiriro ezvinhu nyore. kugera kwesimbi. Nehurombo, ivo vanonyanya kushandiswa pachiyero cherabhoritari uye nehunyanzvi hazvigoneke

kuzvishandisa kuwana chaiwo michina mitsetse yemitsetse yakareba kana waya.

Kumwe kuedza kwakaitwawo kuongorora kupesvedzerwa kwekuchinja kweshear kwakashandiswa nediki unit deformations pakukwanisa kumisa chiitiko chekuneta. Mhedzisiro yezvidzidzo zvekuyedza zvakaitwa [11] pamitsetse yemhangura uye cobalt ne contraflexure nekuveura yakasimbisa thesis iri pamusoro. Kunyangwe iyo contraflexure ine nzira yekuveura iri nyore nyore kuiswa kune flat metallic parts, iyo yakanyanya kunanga kushandiswa kwewaya haina musoro, nekuti, netsanangudzo, haivimbisi kuwana homo-geneous chimiro, uye nekudaro zvakafanana zvivakwa pa. denderedzwa (ine radius yakanangana nechero) yewaya. Nechikonzero ichi, bepa rino rinoshandisa nzira ichangobva kuumbwa uye yepakutanga yeCDT yakagadzirirwa waya dzakatetepa, zvichibva pakuenderera mberi kwekukotama kwakawanda nekuveura.

Fig. 1 Scheme yemaitiro ekudzidzira kwemakanika waya:1 tungsten waya,2 coil newaya kuti isunungure,3 system yevatanhatu inotenderera inofa,4 mhepo coil,5 kutyora uremu, uye6 brake (silinda yesimbi ine bhandi retin bronze kumativi ose)

2. Kuedza

CDT yetambo ye tungsten ine dhayamita ye200 μm yakaitwa pane yakanyatsovakwa bvunzo mudziyo uyo chirongwa chinoratidzwa mufananidzo 1. Unreeled waya (1) kubva coil.

(2) ine dhayamita ye100 mm, yakaunzwa muhurongwa hwemafa matanhatu (3), ine maburi ehupamhi hwakafanana newaya, iyo inogadziriswa mune imwe imba uye inotenderera ichitenderedza axis nekumhanya kwe1,350 rev / min. Mushure mekupfuura nemuchina, waya yakadzoserwa pacoil (4) ine dhayamita ye100 mm ichitenderera nekumhanya kwe115 rev / min. Maparamita anoshandiswa anosarudza mutsara wekumhanya kwewaya zvinoenderana neinotenderera inofa ndeye 26.8 mm/rev.

Kugadzirwa kwakakodzera kweiyo dies system yaireva kuti kufa kwesekondi yega yega yaitenderera eccentrically (Fig. 2), uye chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chewaya chaipfuura nepakati chinotenderera chinofa chaive pasi pekuenderera mberi kwekukotama kwakawanda nekuveura kwakaiswa ne ironing pamucheto wemukati wepamusoro peanofa.

Fig. 2 Schematic layout yeinotenderera inofa (yakanyorwa nenhamba3 mumufananidzo 1)

Fig. 3 System of dies: a general view; b zvakakosha zvikamu:1 centric anofa,2 eccentric anofa,3 spacer zvindori

Unreeled waya yakanga iri pasi pesimba rekutanga kushushikana nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemakakatanwa, ayo asingangoidzivirira kubva pakusungwa, asi zvakare anotemesa kubatanidzwa kwekukotama uye kuveura deformation. Izvi zvaigoneka kuti zvibudirire kuvonga kune bhureki rakaiswa pacoil muchimiro chesimbi yebronze strip yakatsikirirwa nehuremu (yakasarudzwa se5 uye 6 muFig. 1). Mufananidzo 3 unoratidza kutaridzika kwechigadzirwa chekudzidzira kana chapetwa, uye chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvayo. Kudzidziswa kwewaya kwakaitwa nehuremu huviri hwakasiyana:

4.7 uye 8.5 N, anosvika mana anopfuura nepakati peseti yemafa. Axial stress yakaenzana kusvika ku150 uye 270 MPa.

Tensile bvunzo yewaya (ese ari ekutanga mamiriro uye akadzidziswa) akaitwa pamushini weZwick Roell wekuyedza. Sample geji kureba kwaive 100 mm uye tensile strain rate yaive

8×10⁻³ s⁻¹. Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, imwe yekuyera poindi (yeimwe neimwe

yezvakasiyana) inomiririra angangoita masampuli mashanu.

TT bvunzo yakaitwa pane yakakosha dhizaini iyo chirongwa chinoratidzwa muFig. 4 yapfuura yakapihwa naBochniak et al. (2010). Pakati petambo yetungsten (1) ine hurefu hwemita imwe yakaiswa muhove (2), uye ipapo migumo yayo, mushure mokupfuura nepakati pemapepa ekufambisa (3), uye kuisa zviremera (4) zve10 N imwe neimwe; akavharirwa muchisungiso (5). Kutenderera kwehove (2) kwakaguma nokumonereka zvidimbu zviviri zvewaya

(vakazvimisikidza pachezvavo), vaine migumo yakamisikidzwa yemuenzaniso wakaedzwa, wakaitwa nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwekunetsekana.

Mhedzisiro yemuyedzo yaive nhamba yekumonyoroka (N_T) inoda kuputika waya uye inowanzoitika pamberi petangle yakaumbwa, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 5. Zviyero gumi pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaitwa. Mushure mekudzidziswa, waya yaive nechimiro chidiki chewavy. Zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti maererano nemapepa eBochniak and Pieła (2007) [4] uye Filipek (2010)

[5] bvunzo yeTT inzira iri nyore, inokurumidza, uye yakachipa yekuona tekinoroji zvimiro zvewaya dzakagadzirirwa kumonereka.

Fig. 4 Scheme yeTT bvunzo:1 tested wire,2 kubata kunotenderedzwa nemota yemagetsi, yakasanganiswa neiyo twist yekurekodha mudziyo,3 kutungamira rolls,4uremu,5 shaya dzinosunga magumo ewaya

3. Migumisiro

Mhedzisiro yekunetsana kwekutanga uye nhamba yekupfuura muCDT process pane zvinhu zvetungsten waya inoratidzwa muFig. 6 uye 7. Kupararira kwakakura kweakawanikwa mechanical parameters yewaya inoratidza chiyero che inhomogeneity yezvinhu zvakawanikwa nehupfu teknolojia, uye naizvozvo, kuongorora kunoitwa kunotarisa maitiro ekuchinja kwezvinhu zvakaedzwa uye kwete pahutano hwavo hwakakwana.

Commercial tungsten waya inoratidzwa neavhareji kukosha kwegoho stress (YS) yakaenzana ne2,026 MPa, yekupedzisira tensile simba (UTS) ye2,294 MPa, yakazara elongation ye.

A≈2.6% uye N_Tas much as 28. Pasinei ne

ukuru hwesimba rinoshandiswa, CDT inoguma mudiki chete

kuderera kweUTS (isingadariki 3 % yewaya mushure mekupfuura mana), uye zvese YS uyeA ramba uri pamwero wakafanana (Fig. 6a–c uye 7a–c).

Mufananidzo 5 Maonero etambo ye tungsten mushure mekuputsika mumuedzo weTT

Mufananidzo 6 Mhedzisiro yekudzidziswa kwemakanika (nhamba yekupasa n) pamagetsi (a-c) uye tekinoroji (d) (inotsanangurwa naN_TmuTT test) zvivakwa zve tungsten waya; yakasungirirwa huremu huremu hwe4.7 N

CDT inogara ichitungamira mukuwedzera kwakakosha kwehuwandu hwewaya twists N_T. Kunyanya, kune maviri ekutanga anopfuura, N_Tinosvika kupfuura 34 nokuda kwekunetseka kwe4.7 N uye inenge 33 nokuda kwekunetseka kwe8.5 N. Izvi zvinomiririra kuwedzera kweinenge 20% maererano nekutengesa waya. Kushandisa nhamba yepamusoro yekupasa kunotungamira kune kumwe kuwedzera kweN_Tchete munyaya yekudzidzira pasi pesimba re 4.7 N. Iyo waya mushure memapfuura mana inoratidza avhareji magnitude eN_Tinopfuura 37, iyo, ichienzaniswa newaya mumamiriro ekutanga, inomiririra kuwedzera kwe30%. Kumwe kudzidziswa kwewaya pakunetsana kwakakwirira kwaisazoshandura ukuru hweN yakambowanikwa._Tkukosha (Fig. 6d uye 7d).

4. Ongororo

Mhedzisiro yakawanikwa inoratidza kuti nzira inoshandiswa kune tungsten waya CDT haishandure maparamendi ayo akatemerwa mukuyedzwa kwekusimba (paingova nekudzikira kushoma kwekupedzisira kusimba kwesimba), asi zvakanyanya kuwedzera kwayo.

tekinoroji zvivakwa zvinovavarira kugadzira spirals; izvi zvinomiririrwa nehuwandu hwekumonyorora mubvunzo dzeTT. Izvi zvinotsigira mhedzisiro yezvidzidzo zvekare naBochniak naPieła (2007)

[4] nezve kushaikwa kwekusangana kweiyo tensile bvunzo mhedzisiro neinocherechedzwa maitiro ewaya mukugadzira maitiro e spirals.

Kuita kwetambo dze tungsten pamaitiro eCDT zvakanyanya zvinoenderana nekushushikana kwakaiswa. Pane yakaderera-tension simba, mumwe anoona kukura kweparabolic muhuwandu hwekumonyoroka nenhamba yekupfuura, nepo kushandiswa kwehukuru hukuru hwekunetsana kunotungamira (yatove mushure mekupfuura kaviri) kusvika pakuzadzisa mamiriro ekuzara uye kudzikamiswa kweyakambowanikwa tekinoroji. zvinhu (Fig. 6d uye 7d).

Kudaira kwakasiyana-siyana kwewaya yetungsten kunotsikirira chokwadi chekuti ukuru hwetension hunotaridza shanduko yehuwandu hwemamiriro ekushushikana uye deformation mamiriro echinhu uye nekudaro maitiro ayo elastic-plastiki. Kushandisa tension yakakwira panguva yekukotama kwepurasitiki muwaya ichipfuura pakati peinotevedzana misaligned inofa inoguma kune diki waya-kupeta radius; saka, dhizaini repurasitiki munzira inotenderera kune axis yewaya inokonzeresa magadzirirwo ekugera yakakura uye inotungamira kune yemuno kuyerera kwepurasitiki mumabhandi ekugera. Nekune rimwe divi, kuderera kunokonzera kuti CDT process yewaya iitike nekutora chikamu kukuru kwe elastic strain (kureva kuti, chikamu chepurasitiki chidiki), icho chinofarira kutonga kwehomo-geneous deformation. Aya mamiriro akasiyana zvakanyanya neanoitika panguva yekuedzwa uniaxial tensile.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti CDT inovandudza tekinoroji maitiro chete kune waya ane hunhu hwakakwana, kureva, isina hurema hwakakosha hwemukati (pores, voids, discontinuities, micro-cracks, kushaikwa kwekuenderera kwekunamatira pamiganhu yezviyo, nezvimwewo .) zvinokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwewaya nehupfu metallurgy. Zvikasadaro, kupararira kuri kuwedzera kwekukosha kwakawanikwa kwema twists N_Tpamwe chete nekuwedzera kwenhamba yekupfuura kunoratidza kudzika kusiyanisa kwekugadzira waya muzvikamu zvayo zvakasiyana (pakureba) saka inogonawo kushanda sechinhu chinobatsira chekuongorora kunaka kwetambo yekutengesa. Matambudziko aya achange ari nyaya yekuferefetwa kweramangwana.

Mufananidzo 7 Mhedzisiro yekudzidziswa kwemichina (nhamba yekupasa n) pamagetsi (a-c) uye tekinoroji (d) (inotsanangurwa naN_TmuTT test) zvivakwa zve tungsten waya; yakasungirirwa huremu huremu hwe8.5 N

5. Mhedziso

1, CDT ye tungsten waya inovandudza hunyanzvi hwavo hwetekinoroji, sekutsanangurwa kwazvinoitwa mukushushwa netension test naN._Tisati yatyoka.

2, Kuwedzera kweN_Tindex by about 20% inosvikwa newaya inoiswa kune maviri akatevedzana eCDT.

3, Hukuru hwekunetsana kwewaya mukuita kweCDT kune mhedzisiro yakakosha pane yayo tekinoroji zvinhu zvinotsanangurwa nekukosha kweN._Tindex. Kukosha kwayo kwepamusoro kwakasvikwa newaya yakaiswa kune tension (tensile stress).

4, Kushandisa tension yakakwira uye kutenderera kwakawanda kwekukotama kwakawanda nekuveura hakukodzerwe nekuti zvinongoguma nekudzikamisa kukosha kwakambosvika kweN._Tindex.

5, Iko kunatsiridza kwakakosha kwehunyanzvi hwekuita kweCDT tungsten waya hakuperekedzwe neshanduko yemagetsi paramita yakatemerwa muyedzo yekusimba, ichisimbisa kutenda kwakabatikana mukuderera kwekushandiswa kweyedzo yakadaro kutarisira maitiro etekinoroji waya.

Yakawanikwa mibairo yekuedza inoratidza kukodzera CDT ye tungsten waya yekugadzira maspirals. Zvikurukuru, zvichibva panzira inoshandiswa kufambisira mberi kureba kwewaya, cyclic, multidirectional kukotama pasina kunetsa kudiki, zvinokonzeresa kuzorora kwekushushikana kwemukati. Nechikonzero ichi, pane kurambidzwa kutsika yekutyoka kwewaya panguva yekuumbwa kwepurasitiki yemaspirals. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvakasimbiswa kuti kudzikisa huwandu hwemarara pasi pemamiriro ekugadzira kunowedzera kugona kwemaitiro ekugadzira nekubvisa downtime otomatiki michina yekugadzira umo, mushure mekupwanya waya, kumira kwechimbichimbi kunofanirwa kuitwa "nemaoko" nemushandisi.