Determining whether an item is made from real silver can be accomplished through a variety of methods, from simple visual inspection to more technical tests. Here are some common ways to tell if an item is real silver:

1. Logo and Seal:
- Look for marks or marks on items. Common markings include "925" (for sterling silver, which is 92.5% pure silver), "999" (for sterling silver, which is 99.9% pure silver), "Sterling", "Ster" or "Ag" (chemical composition) silver symbol).
- Please note that counterfeit items may also come with fake seals, so this method is not foolproof.

2. Magnet Test:
- Silver is not magnetic. If the magnet sticks to the item, it's probably not real silver. However, some non-silver metals are also non-magnetic, so this test alone is not conclusive.

3. Ice Test:
- Silver has high thermal conductivity. Place an ice cube on the item; if it melts quickly, the item is probably made of silver. This is because silver conducts heat efficiently, causing ice to melt faster than other metals.

4. Sound test:
- When silver is struck with a metal object, it emits a unique, clear ringing sound. This test requires some experience to distinguish the sound of silver from other metals.

5. Chemical Test (Acid Test):
- Silver test kits are available that use nitric acid to test silver. Leave a small scratch on the item and add a drop of acid. Color changes indicate the presence of silver. This test should be done carefully, preferably by a professional, as it can damage the item.

6. Density Test:
- The specific gravity of silver is approximately 10.49 grams per cubic centimeter. Weigh the item and measure its volume to calculate its density. This method requires precise measurements and is more technical.

7. Professional Assessment:
- If you are unsure, the most reliable method is to take the item to a professional jeweler or appraiser who can perform a more accurate test and provide a definite answer.

8. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analysis:
- This is a non-destructive test that uses X-rays to determine the elemental composition of an item. It is very accurate and often used by professionals.

Using a combination of these methods will allow you to more reliably tell whether an item is made of real silver.

Cleaning tarnished silver can restore its luster and beauty. Here are a few ways to clean silver, from simple home remedies to commercial products:

Home Remedies

1. Baking Soda and Aluminum Foil Method:
Materials: baking soda, aluminum foil, boiling water, bowl or pan.
Steps:
1. Line a bowl or pan with aluminum foil, shiny side up.
2. Place the silver item on the foil.
3. Sprinkle baking soda over items (about 1 tablespoon per cup of water).
4. Pour boiling water over items until completely covered.
5. Let sit for a few minutes. The tarnish will transfer to the foil.
6. Rinse the silver with water and dry with a soft cloth.

2.Vinegar and Baking Soda:
Materials: white vinegar, baking soda, a bowl.
Steps:
1. Place the silverware in a bowl.
2. Pour white vinegar over items until completely submerged.
3. Add 2-3 tablespoons of baking soda.
4. Let it sit for 2-3 hours.
5. Rinse the item with water and dry it with a soft cloth.

3. Toothpaste:
Materials: Non-gel, non-abrasive toothpaste, soft cloth or sponge.
Steps:
1. Apply a small amount of toothpaste to the silver item.
2. Wipe gently with a soft cloth or sponge.
3. Rinse thoroughly with water.
4. Wipe dry with a soft cloth.

4. Lemon Juice and Olive Oil:
Materials: lemon juice, olive oil, soft cloth.
Steps:
1. Mix 1/2 cup lemon juice with 1 teaspoon olive oil.
2. Dip a soft cloth into the mixture.
3. Gently wipe the silver items.
4. Rinse with water and dry with a soft cloth.

Commercial Products

1. Silver Polishing Cloth:
These are pre-treated cloths designed specifically for cleaning silverware. Simply wipe your silver with a cloth to remove tarnish and restore shine.

2. Silver Polish:
Commercial silver polishes are available in liquid, cream, or paste form. Please follow the manufacturer's instructions for best results.

3. Silver Dip:
Silver dip is a liquid solution designed to remove rust quickly. Soak the silver item in the solution for a few seconds, rinse thoroughly with water, and wipe dry with a soft cloth. Please follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully.

Tips for Maintaining Silver

STORAGE: Store silver in a cool, dry place, preferably in a rust-proof bag or cloth.
Avoid Exposure: Keep silverware away from harsh chemicals such as household cleaners, chlorine and perfume.
Regular Cleaning: Clean your silver items regularly to prevent tarnish.

By using these methods, you can effectively clean and maintain your silver jewelry, keeping them looking beautiful and shiny.