Tungsten ili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zonse.Malo ake osungunuka ndi pafupifupi madigiri 3,422 Celsius (6,192 degrees Fahrenheit).Malo osungunuka kwambiri a Tungsten amatha chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zofunika:

1. Zomangira zachitsulo zolimba: Ma atomu a Tungsten amapanga zomangira zachitsulo zolimba wina ndi mzake, kupanga mawonekedwe okhazikika komanso olimba a latisi.Zomangira zachitsulo zolimbazi zimafuna mphamvu zambiri kuti zithyoke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tungsten asungunuke kwambiri.

2. Kusintha kwamagetsi: Kusintha kwamagetsi kwa tungsten kumakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusungunuka kwake.Tungsten ili ndi ma elekitironi 74 omwe amakonzedwa mu orbitals yake ya atomiki ndipo ali ndi digiri yapamwamba ya electron delocalization, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano wamphamvu wachitsulo ndi mphamvu zogwirizanitsa kwambiri.

3. Kuchuluka kwa ma atomiki: Tungsten imakhala ndi ma atomiki ochuluka kwambiri, omwe amathandiza kuti agwirizane kwambiri ndi interatomic.Kuchuluka kwa maatomu a tungsten kumapangitsa kuti pakhale inertia ndi kukhazikika mkati mwa kristalo lattice, zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri zowonjezera mphamvu kuti zisokoneze dongosolo.

4. Zowonongeka: Tungsten imatchulidwa ngati chitsulo chosakanizika ndipo imadziwika chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kuvala.Malo ake osungunuka kwambiri ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha zitsulo zokanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kumalo otentha kwambiri.

5. Crystal Structure: Tungsten ili ndi thupi lokhala ndi thupi la cubic (BCC) kristalo pa kutentha kwa firiji, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asungunuke kwambiri.Kukonzekera kwa maatomu mu BCC kumapereka kuyanjana kolimba kwa ma interatomic, kumapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zizitha kupirira kutentha kwambiri.

Tungsten ili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri pazitsulo zonse chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwake kodabwitsa kwazitsulo zolimba zachitsulo, kasinthidwe ka ma elekitironi, misa ya atomiki, ndi mawonekedwe a galasi.Katundu wapaderawa umapangitsa tungsten kukhala yofunikira pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuti zinthuzo zikhalebe zokhazikika pakutentha kwambiri, monga zakuthambo, kulumikizana kwamagetsi ndi zida za ng'anjo yotentha kwambiri.

Molybdenum ili ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa cubic (BCC) wokhazikika m'malo otentha.Pamakonzedwe awa, maatomu a molybdenum amakhala pamakona ndi pakati pa cube, ndikupanga mawonekedwe okhazikika komanso odzaza kwambiri.Mapangidwe a kristalo a Molybdenum a BCC amathandizira kuwonjezera mphamvu zake, ductility ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za mafakitale, kuphatikizapo mlengalenga, ng'anjo zotentha kwambiri komanso zigawo zomangira zomwe zimapirira kwambiri.