Ma Supercapacitor ndi chida chodziwika bwino chomwe chimatha kusunga ndikupereka mphamvu mwachangu kuposa mabatire wamba. Akufunika kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi, matelefoni opanda zingwe komanso ma laser amphamvu kwambiri.

Koma kuti muzindikire mapulogalamuwa, ma supercapacitor amafunikira maelekitirodi abwino, omwe amalumikiza supercapacitor ku zida zomwe zimadalira mphamvu zawo. Ma elekitirodi awa ayenera kukhala othamanga komanso otsika mtengo kuti apange pamlingo waukulu komanso amatha kulipiritsa ndikutulutsa mphamvu zawo zamagetsi mwachangu. Gulu la mainjiniya ku Yunivesite ya Washington akuganiza kuti abwera ndi njira yopangira zida za electrode za supercapacitor zomwe zikwaniritse zofunikira zamakampani ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

Ofufuzawa, motsogozedwa ndi pulofesa wothandizira wa UW wa sayansi ndi engineering Peter Pauzauskie, adafalitsa pepala pa Julayi 17 m'magazini ya Nature Microsystems ndi Nanoengineering pofotokoza ma electrode awo a supercapacitor komanso njira yachangu, yotsika mtengo yomwe adapangira. Njira yawo yatsopanoyi imayamba ndi zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya wambiri zomwe zawumitsidwa m'matrix otsika kwambiri otchedwa aerogel. Airgel iyi payokha imatha kukhala ngati ma elekitirodi opanda pake, koma gulu la Pauzauskie lidachulukitsa kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu yake, ndiko kuthekera kwake kusunga magetsi.

Zida zoyambira zotsika mtengozi, kuphatikiza ndi njira yosinthira kaphatikizidwe, zimachepetsa zopinga ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale: mtengo ndi liwiro.

"Pogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale, nthawi ndi ndalama," adatero Pauzauskie. "Titha kupanga zida zoyambira maelekitirodi awa m'maola, osati masabata. Ndipo izi zitha kutsitsa mtengo wopangira ma electrode apamwamba kwambiri. ”

Ma electrode a supercapacitor ogwira mtima amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya wambiri zomwe zimakhalanso ndi malo okwera kwambiri. Chofunikira chomaliza ndi chofunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha njira yapadera yosungiramo ma supercapacitors magetsi. Ngakhale batire wamba imasunga ma charger amagetsi kudzera pamankhwala omwe amapezeka mkati mwake, supercapacitor m'malo mwake imasunga ndikulekanitsa zolipiritsa zabwino ndi zoyipa pamwamba pake.

"Ma Supercapacitor amatha kuchita mwachangu kuposa mabatire chifukwa sangachepetse kuthamanga kwa zomwe zimachitika kapena zinthu zomwe zingapangidwe," adatero wolemba mnzake Matthew Lim, wophunzira wa UW mu dipatimenti ya Materials Science & Engineering. "Ma Supercapacitor amatha kulipira ndikutulutsa mwachangu kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake ali abwino popereka 'mphamvu' izi."

"Amakhala ndi ntchito zabwino m'makonzedwe pomwe batri palokha imachedwa kwambiri," anatero wolemba wina wotsogolera Matthew Crane, wophunzira wa udokotala ku UW Department of Chemical Engineering. "Munthawi yomwe batri imachedwa kwambiri kuti ikwaniritse mphamvu zamagetsi, supercapacitor yokhala ndi ma elekitirodi okwera kwambiri imatha 'kukankha' mwachangu ndikubwezeretsanso mphamvu zomwe zimasowa."

Kuti apeze malo okwera pamwamba pa electrode yogwira ntchito bwino, gululo linagwiritsa ntchito ma aerogels. Izi ndi zinthu zonyowa, zonga gel zomwe zadutsa njira yapadera yowumitsa ndi kutentha kuti zilowe m'malo mwa zigawo zawo zamadzimadzi ndi mpweya kapena mpweya wina. Njirazi zimasunga mawonekedwe a 3-D a gel, ndikuwapatsa malo okwera komanso otsika kwambiri. Zili ngati kuchotsa madzi onse mu Jell-O popanda kutsika.

"Galamu imodzi ya airgel imakhala ndi malo ochulukirapo ngati bwalo limodzi la mpira," adatero Pauzauskie.

Crane idapanga ma aerogels kuchokera ku polima ngati gel, chinthu chokhala ndi magawo obwerezabwereza, opangidwa kuchokera ku formaldehyde ndi mamolekyu ena opangidwa ndi kaboni. Izi zinapangitsa kuti chipangizo chawo, monga ma electrode amakono a supercapacitor, chikhale ndi zinthu zokhala ndi carbon.

M'mbuyomu, Lim adawonetsa kuti kuwonjezera graphene-yomwe ndi pepala la carbon atomu imodzi yokha yokhuthala-ku gel osakaniza adadzaza ndi airgel yomwe ili ndi supercapacitor. Koma, Lim ndi Crane amafunikira kukonza magwiridwe antchito a aerogel, ndikupangitsa kuti kaphatikizidwe kake kakhale kotchipa komanso kosavuta.

M'mayesero am'mbuyomu a Lim, kuwonjezera graphene sikunasinthe luso la aerogel. Chifukwa chake m'malo mwake adadzaza ma aerogel okhala ndi mapepala owonda a molybdenum disulfide kapena tungsten disulfide. Mankhwala onsewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano m'mafuta opangira mafakitale.

Ofufuzawo adagwiritsa ntchito zida zonse ziwiri ndi mafunde omveka kwambiri kuti aziphwanyidwa kukhala mapepala opyapyala ndikuziphatikiza ndi matrix olemera a kaboni. Amatha kupanga gel yonyowa yodzaza kwathunthu m'maola ochepera awiri, pomwe njira zina zingatenge masiku ambiri.

Atapeza mpweya wouma, wosalimba kwambiri, anauphatikiza ndi zomatira ndi zinthu zina zokhala ndi mpweya wa carbon kuti apange “mtanda” wa mafakitale, umene Lim ankangougudubuza ndi mapepala ongochindikala masauzande ochepa chabe a inchi. Amadula ma disks a theka la inchi kuchokera mumtanda ndikuwasonkhanitsa m'mabokosi osavuta a batire kuti ayese mphamvu ya zinthuzo ngati electrode ya supercapacitor.

Sikuti ma elekitirodi awo anali othamanga, osavuta komanso osavuta kupanga, komanso anali ndi mwayi wochepera 127 peresenti kuposa airgel wolemera wa carbon.

Lim ndi Crane akuyembekeza kuti ma aerogel odzaza ndi mapepala owonda kwambiri a molybdenum disulfide kapena tungsten disulfide - awo anali okhuthala pafupifupi 10 mpaka 100 - angawonetse ntchito yabwinoko. Koma choyamba, amafuna kuwonetsa kuti ma aerogel odzaza atha kukhala othamanga komanso otsika mtengo kupanga, gawo lofunikira popanga mafakitale. Kukonza bwino kumadza pambuyo pake.

Gululi likukhulupirira kuti izi zitha kuthandiza kupititsa patsogolo sayansi ngakhale kunja kwa ma electrode a supercapacitor. Aerogel-suspended molybdenum disulfide akhoza kukhalabe okhazikika mokwanira kuti apangitse kupanga haidrojeni. Ndipo njira yawo yotsekera zida mwachangu mu ma aerogel atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamabatire apamwamba kwambiri kapena catalysis.