Makhalidwe a Molybdenum
| Nambala ya atomiki | 42 |
| Nambala ya CAS | 7439-98-7 |
| Misa ya atomiki | 95.94 |
| Malo osungunuka | 2620 ° C |
| Malo otentha | 5560 ° C |
| Mphamvu ya atomiki | 0.0153 nm3 |
| Kuchuluka kwa 20 ° C | 10.2g/cm³ |
| Kapangidwe ka kristalo | cubic yokhala ndi thupi |
| Lattice yosasintha | 0.3147 [nm] |
| Kuchuluka mu kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi | 1.2 [g/t] |
| Liwiro la mawu | 5400 m/s (pa rt) (ndodo yowonda) |
| Kukula kwamafuta | 4.8 µm/(m·K) (pa 25 °C) |
| Thermal conductivity | 138 W/(m·K) |
| Kulimbana ndi magetsi | 53.4 nΩ·m (pa 20 °C) |
| Mohs kuuma | 5.5 |
| Vickers kuuma | 1400-2740Mpa |
| Brinell kuuma | 1370-2500Mpa |
Molybdenum ndi mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha Mo ndi nambala ya atomiki 42. Dzinali likuchokera ku Neo-Latin molybdaenum, kuchokera ku Greek Ancient Μόλυβδος molybdos, kutanthauza lead, popeza ore ake adasokonezeka ndi miyala yamtovu. Mchere wa molybdenum wakhala ukudziwika m'mbiri yonse, koma chinthucho chinapezeka (m'lingaliro lochisiyanitsa monga chinthu chatsopano kuchokera ku mchere wa mchere wa zitsulo zina) mu 1778 ndi Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Chitsulocho chinakhazikitsidwa koyamba mu 1781 ndi Peter Jacob Hjelm.
Molybdenum sizichitika mwachilengedwe ngati chitsulo chaulere Padziko Lapansi; imapezeka kokha m'mayiko osiyanasiyana a oxidation mu mchere. Chinthu chaulere, chitsulo cha silvery chokhala ndi imvi, chimakhala ndi malo osungunuka achisanu ndi chimodzi a chinthu chilichonse. Amapanga mosavuta ma carbides olimba, okhazikika muzitsulo, ndipo pachifukwa ichi zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi (pafupifupi 80%) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo zachitsulo, kuphatikizapo ma alloys apamwamba kwambiri ndi ma superalloys.
Mankhwala ambiri a molybdenum amakhala osungunuka pang'ono m'madzi, koma mchere wokhala ndi molybdenum ukakhudza mpweya ndi madzi, molybdate ion MoO2-4 imasungunuka. Mu mafakitale, mankhwala a molybdenum (pafupifupi 14% ya zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi) amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu komanso kutentha kwambiri ngati inki ndi zopangira.
Ma enzymes okhala ndi molybdenum ndi omwe amathandizira kwambiri mabakiteriya omwe amaphwanya mgwirizano wamankhwala mumlengalenga wa nayitrogeni wa ma molekyulu amlengalenga panthawi ya biolojini nitrogen fixation. Pafupifupi ma 50 ma enzymes a molybdenum tsopano amadziwika mu mabakiteriya, zomera, ndi nyama, ngakhale kuti ma bacteria ndi cyanobacterial enzymes okha ndi omwe amakhudzidwa ndi nitrogen fixation. Ma nitrogenases awa ali ndi molybdenum mumpangidwe wosiyana ndi ma enzyme ena a molybdenum, omwe onse amakhala ndi molybdenum yodzaza ndi okosijeni mu molybdenum cofactor. Ma enzyme osiyanasiyana a molybdenum cofactor ndi ofunikira kwa zamoyo, ndipo molybdenum ndi gawo lofunikira pa moyo wa zamoyo zonse zapamwamba za eukaryote, ngakhale si mabakiteriya onse.
Thupi katundu
Mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, molybdenum ndi chitsulo cha silvery-grey ndi kulimba kwa Mohs kwa 5.5, ndi kulemera kwa atomiki 95.95 g/mol. Ili ndi malo osungunuka a 2,623 °C (4,753 °F); Pazinthu zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe, tantalum, osmium, rhenium, tungsten, ndi kaboni ndizo zokha zomwe zimasungunuka. Ili ndi imodzi mwama coefficients otsika kwambiri pakukulitsa matenthedwe pakati pa zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalonda. Kulimba kwa mawaya a molybdenum kumawonjezeka pafupifupi katatu, kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 30 GPa, pamene m'mimba mwake amachepa kuchokera ~ 50-100 nm mpaka 10 nm.
Mankhwala katundu
Molybdenum ndi chitsulo chosinthira chokhala ndi electronegativity ya 2.16 pa sikelo ya Pauling. Simachita mowonekera ndi mpweya kapena madzi kutentha kokwanira. Kuchepa kwa okosijeni wa molybdenum kumayambira pa 300 °C (572 °F); kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kumachitika pa kutentha pamwamba pa 600 ° C, zomwe zimapangitsa molybdenum trioxide. Monga zitsulo zambiri zolemera kwambiri zosinthira, molybdenum imawonetsa pang'ono pang'ono kupanga cation mu njira yamadzimadzi, ngakhale kuti Mo3 + cation imadziwika pansi pamikhalidwe yoyendetsedwa bwino.
Zogulitsa Zotentha za Molybdenum
