N'ime ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ọkụ eletrik ga-asọba n'enweghị ihe mgbochi ọ bụla. E nwere nnọọ ole na ole bara uru ngwa nke a onu; Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ajụjụ ndị bụ isi ka a na-azabeghị. Onye mmekọ Prọfesọ Justin Ye, onye isi otu akụrụngwa Physics of Complex Materials na Mahadum Groningen, mụọ superconductivity na okpukpu abụọ nke molybdenum disulfide wee chọpụta steeti ọhụrụ superconducting. E bipụtara nsonaazụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature Nanotechnology na 4 Nọvemba.

Egosiputara ihe nlebara anya na kristal monolayer, dịka ọmụmaatụ, molybdenum disulphide ma ọ bụ tungsten disulfide nke nwere ọkpụrụkpụ nke naanị atọm atọ. "N'ime ma monolayers, e nwere ụdị pụrụ iche nke superconductivity nke ebe ndọta dị n'ime na-echebe ọnọdụ na-eme ihe n'ike site na oghere magnetik mpụga," Ye na-akọwa. Superconductivity nkịtị na-apụ n'anya mgbe etinyere nnukwu oghere ndọta dị n'èzí, mana a na-echebekwa nke ọma Ising superconductivity. Ọbụna na mpaghara magnetik static kachasị ike na Europe, nke nwere ike nke 37 Tesla, superconductivity na tungsten disulfide adịghị egosi mgbanwe ọ bụla. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị mma ịnweta nchebe siri ike dị otú ahụ, ihe ịma aka na-esote bụ ịchọta ụzọ isi chịkwaa mmetụta nchebe a, site n'itinye ọkụ eletrik.

New superconducting steeti

Ye na ndị ya na ha na-emekọ ihe mụọ molybdenum disulfide okpukpu abụọ: "N'ime nhazi ahụ, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti akwa abụọ ahụ na-emepụta steeti ọhụrụ na-enweghị atụ." Ị mepụtara oyi akwa okpukpu abụọ kwụsịtụrụ, ya na mmiri mmiri ionic n'akụkụ abụọ nke enwere ike iji mepụta oghere eletrik n'ofe bilayer. "N'ime monolayer onye ọ bụla, ubi dị otú ahụ ga-adị asymmetric, yana ions dị mma n'otu akụkụ yana ebubo na-adịghị mma n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, na bilayer, anyị nwere ike ịnweta otu ụgwọ ego a na-ebute na monolayers abụọ, na-emepụta usoro symmetrical, "Ye na-akọwa. Enwere ike iji igwe eletrik nke emepụtara wee gbanye ma gbanyụọ superconductivity. Nke a pụtara na e kere transistor na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma nke enwere ike ịgbanye site na mmiri ionic.

Na oyi akwa okpukpu abụọ, nchebe Ising megide oghere magnetik mpụga na-apụ n'anya. "Nke a na-eme n'ihi mgbanwe na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti akwa abụọ." Otú ọ dị, ọkụ eletrik nwere ike weghachite nchebe. "Ọkwa nke nchebe na-aghọ ọrụ nke otu i siri gbado ngwaọrụ ahụ."

Cooper ụzọ abụọ

Ewezuga imepụta transistor na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, Ye na ndị ọrụ ibe ya mere nleba anya ọzọ na-adọrọ mmasị. N'afọ 1964, e buru amụma na ọ ga-adị, nke a na-akpọ steeti FFLO (aha ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị buru amụma ya: Fulde, Ferrell, Larkin na Ovchinnikov). Na superconductivity, eletrọn na-eme njem na abụọ n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. Ebe ọ bụ na ha na-eme njem n'otu ọsọ ahụ, ụzọ abụọ Cooper ndị a nwere ngụkọta kinetic nke efu. Mana na steeti FFLO, enwere obere ihe dị iche na-agba ọsọ ya mere ike nke kinetic abụghị efu. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, amụbeghị steeti a nke ọma na nnwale.

"Anyị ezutewo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe niile achọrọ iji kwado steeti FFLO na ngwaọrụ anyị," ka Ye na-ekwu. "Mana steeti ahụ na-esighi ike ma na-emetụta ya nke ukwuu site na mmetọ dị n'elu ihe anyị. Ya mere, anyị ga-achọ ka anyị na-emegharị nnwale ahụ site na iji nlele dị ọcha. "

Site na bilayer nke molybdenum disulfide kwụsịtụrụ, Ye na ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ nwere ihe niile achọrọ iji mụọ ụfọdụ steeti pụrụ iche pụrụ iche. "Nke a bụ sayensị bụ isi nke nwere ike iwetara anyị mgbanwe echiche."