Alloys tungsten ọhụrụ a na-emepe emepe na Schuh Group na MIT nwere ike dochie uranium mebiri emebi na ngwa agha-ịkpọpu. Ihe dị afọ nke anọ sayensị na engineering gụsịrị akwụkwọ nwa akwụkwọ Zachary C. Cordero na-arụ ọrụ na ala-toxicity, elu-ike, elu-njupụta ihe maka dochie depleted uranium na structural agha ngwa. Uranium mebiri emebi na-etinye ihe ize ndụ ahụike nye ndị agha na ndị nkịtị. Cordero na-ekwu, "Nke ahụ bụ mkpali maka ịgbalị iji dochie ya.

Tungsten nkịtị ga-abụ ero ma ọ bụ na-apụtachaghị ìhè na mmetụta, arụmọrụ kachasị njọ. Ya mere, ihe ịma aka bụ ịmepụta alloy nke nwere ike dakọtara na arụmọrụ nke uranium mebiri emebi, nke na-aghọ nkọ onwe ya ka ọ na-akpachapụ ihe onwunwe ma na-ejigide imi dị nkọ na penetrator- target interface. "Tungsten n'onwe ya siri ike ma sie ike. Anyị na-etinye ihe ndị ọzọ alloying iji mee ya ka anyị wee nwee ike ime ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu ihe a, "Codero na-ekwu.

Otu tungsten alloy nwere chromium na ígwè (W-7Cr-9Fe) siri ike nke ukwuu karịa tungsten alloys azụmahịa, Cordero kọrọ na akwụkwọ ya na onye isi ode akwụkwọ na ngalaba nke Sayensị na Injinịa Christopher A. Schuh na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Metallurgical and Materials. Azụmahịa A. A na-enweta nkwalite ahụ site n'ịkọba ntụ ntụ ígwè na-enyere aka n'ọhịa na-enyere aka na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, na-arụpụta ihe kachasị mma, nke a na-atụle site na nhazi ọka dị mma na nke siri ike kachasị elu, na-enweta na oge nhazi nke 1 nkeji na 1,200 degrees Celsius. Ogologo oge nhazi na okpomọkụ dị elu mere ka mkpụrụ osisi na-esiwanye ike na arụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ adịghị ike. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ gụnyere MIT engineering na material science gụsịrị akwụkwọ nwa akwụkwọ Mansoo Park, Oak Ridge postdoctoral ibe Emily L. Huskins, Boise State Associate Prọfesọ Megan Frary na gụsịrị akwụkwọ nwa akwụkwọ Steven Lives, na Army Research Laboratory n'ibu engineer na otu onye ndú Brian E. Schuster. Emeela ule ballistic dị n'okpuru nke tungsten-chromium-iron alloy.

Cordero na-ekwu, "Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ike ịme ma ọ bụ nanostructured ma ọ bụ amorphous nnukwu tungsten (alloy), ọ ga-abụ n'ezie ihe dị mma ballistic." Cordero, nwa amaala nke Bridgewater, NJ, natara National Defence Science and Engineering (NDSEG) Fellowship na 2012 site na Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Ọ bụ US Defence Threat Reduction Agency na-akwado nyocha ya.

Ọdịdị ọka Ultrafine

"Ụzọ m si eme ihe m bụ site na nhazi ntụ ntụ ebe anyị na-ebu ụzọ mee nanocrystalline ntụ ntụ wee mee ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu ihe. Mana ihe ịma aka bụ na nchikota chọrọ ikpughe ihe ahụ na okpomọkụ dị elu, "Codero na-ekwu. Ịkụnye alloys na okpomọkụ dị elu nwere ike ime ka ọka, ma ọ bụ ngalaba crystalline nke ọ bụla, n'ime ígwè ahụ na-amụbawanye, nke na-ebelata ha. Cordero nwere ike nweta nhazi ọka ultrafine nke ihe dị ka nanometer 130 na kọmpat W-7Cr-9Fe, nke micrographs eletrọn kwadoro. "N'iji ụzọ nhazi ntụ ntụ a, anyị nwere ike ịmepụta nnukwu ihe nlele ruo 2 centimeters na dayameta, ma ọ bụ na anyị nwere ike ibuwanye ibu, na ike mkpakọ ike nke 4 GPa (gigapascals). Eziokwu ahụ bụ na anyị nwere ike iji usoro nwere ike mee ihe ndị a nwere ike bụrụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị karị, "Codero na-ekwu.

"Ihe anyị na-agbalị ime dị ka otu bụ iji ezigbo nanostructures na-eme nnukwu ihe. Ihe kpatara anyị ji chọọ nke ahụ bụ n'ihi na ihe ndị a nwere ihe ndị na-adọrọ mmasị nke nwere ike iji n'ọtụtụ ngwa, "Codero na-agbakwụnye.

Achọghị na okike

Cordero enyochakwara ike nke ntụ ntụ ọla na nanoscale microstructures n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Acta Materialia. Cordero, ya na onye edemede ukwu Schuh, jiri ma simulations mgbakọ na mwepụ na nyocha ụlọ nyocha iji gosi na alloys nke ọla dị ka tungsten na chromium nwere ikike mmalite ndị yiri ya na-emekọ ọnụ ma mepụta ngwaahịa njedebe siri ike, ebe ngwakọta nke ọla nwere nnukwu ike mbụ adịghị adabara dị otú ahụ. dị ka tungsten na zirconium na-achọ imepụta alloy na-esighị ike nke nwere ihe karịrị otu akụkụ ugbu a.

"Usoro egwe ọka dị elu bụ otu ihe atụ nke nnukwu ezinụlọ nke usoro nke ị na-eme ka ihe dị iche iche na-eme ka microstructure ya banye n'ọnọdụ dị egwu na-enweghị nha nhata. Enweghị usoro dị mma maka ịkọ amụma microstructure nke na-apụta, ya mere ọtụtụ oge nke a bụ ikpe na njehie. Anyị na-anwa iwepu ikike site n'ichepụta alloys nke ga-etolite ngwọta siri ike nke metastable, nke bụ otu ihe atụ nke usoro enweghị nha nha, "Codero na-akọwa.

Ọ na-ekwu, "Ị na-emepụta usoro ndị a na-abụghị nha nha, ihe ndị ị na-agaghị ahụkarị n'ụwa gbara gị gburugburu, na okike, na-eji usoro nrụrụ ndị a dị oke egwu," ka ọ na-ekwu. Usoro egwe ọka dị elu na-agụnye ịkwachaa ntụ ntụ ugboro ugboro nke ígwè na ịkpụcha ihe na-eme ka ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-ejikọta ọnụ mgbe ha na-asọmpi, usoro mgbake na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-eme ka alloy laghachi n'ọnọdụ nha ya, nke n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ bụ ịwepụ iche. . "Ya mere enwere asọmpi a n'etiti usoro abụọ a," Cordero na-akọwa. Akwụkwọ ya tụpụtara ihe atụ dị mfe ịkọ chemistries na alloy nyere nke ga-emepụta ngwọta siri ike ma kwado ya na nnwale. Cordero na-ekwu, sị, "Ụdị ntụ ntụ ndị a na-egweri bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ọla ndị siri ike ndị mmadụ hụworo," ka Cordero na-ekwu, na-achọpụta ule gosiri na tungsten-chromium alloy nwere nanoindentation hardness nke 21 GPa. Nke ahụ na-eme ha ihe dị ka okpukpu abụọ nke nanoindentation ike nke nanocrystalline ígwè dabeere na alloys ma ọ bụ tungsten na-enweghị isi.

Metallurgy chọrọ mgbanwe

N'ime ultrafine ọka tungsten-chromium-iron alloy compacts ọ gụrụ, alloys ahụ welitere ígwè site na abrasion nke ígwè egweri media na vial n'oge nnukwu-ike-egwe ọka. "Ma ọ na-apụta na nke ahụ nwekwara ike ịbụ ụdị ihe dị mma, n'ihi na ọ dị ka ọ na-eme ka densification dị elu na obere okpomọkụ, nke na-ebelata oge ị ga-eji na okpomọkụ ndị ahụ dị elu nke nwere ike iduga mgbanwe ọjọọ na microstructure," Cordero na-akọwa. "Ihe ukwu bụ ime mgbanwe na ịmata ohere na metallurgy."

Cordero gụsịrị akwụkwọ na MIT na 2010 na nzere bachelọ na physics wee rụọ ọrụ otu afọ na Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. N'ebe ahụ, ndị ọrụ injinia nwetara mmụọ nsọ ya bụ ndị mụtara site na ọgbọ mbụ nke metallurgists nke mere crucibles pụrụ iche iji jide plutonium maka Manhattan Project n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. “Ịnụ ụdị ihe ndị ha na-arụ mere ka m nwee obi ụtọ ma nwee mmasị n'ịhazi ígwè. Ọ bụkwa naanị ihe ọchị,” Cordero kwuru. N'okpuru ọzụzụ sayensị ndị ọzọ, ọ na-ekwu, "Ị gaghị emeghe ọkụ na 1,000 C, wee hụ ihe na-acha uhie uhie na-ekpo ọkụ. Ị gaghị enweta ihe na-ekpo ọkụ. " Ọ na-atụ anya ka ọ gụchaa PhD na 2015.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ ya ugbu a na-elekwasị anya na ngwa nhazi, ụdị nhazi ntụ ntụ ọ na-eme na-ejikwa ihe ndọta. "Enwere ike itinye ọtụtụ ozi na ihe ọmụma na ihe ndị ọzọ," ka ọ na-ekwu. "N'agbanyeghị na nke a bụ usoro ihe eji arụ ụlọ, ị nwere ike itinye ọla ụlọ akwụkwọ ochie a n'ihe eji eme ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ."