Tungsten nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ogologo na akụkọ ntolite laa azụ n'oge emepechabeghị anya, mgbe ndị na-egwuputa ihe na Germany na-akọ na ha chọtara mineral na-akpasu iwe nke na-abịakarị na tin ore wee belata mkpụrụ nke tin n'oge agbaze. Ndị na-egwupụta akụ ahụ kpọrọ wolfram mineral utu aha n'ihi na ọ na-eme ka ọ “ripịa” tin “dị ka anụ ọhịa wolf.”
Achọpụtara Tungsten dị ka ihe mbụ na 1781, site n'aka onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ na Sweden bụ Carl Wilhelm Scheele, bụ onye chọpụtara na acid ọhụrụ, nke ọ kpọrọ tungstic acid, nwere ike si na ịnweta mineral mara ugbu a dị ka scheelite. Scheele na Torbern Bergman, bụ́ prọfesọ na Uppsala, Sweden, zụlitere echiche nke iji mbelata unyi nke acid ahụ nweta ígwè.
Tungsten dị ka anyị si mara ya taa mechara kewapụrụ onwe ya dị ka ọla na 1783 site na ndị ọkà mmụta ọgwụ Spanish abụọ, ụmụnne Juan Jose na Fausto Elhuyar, n'ihe atụ nke mineral a na-akpọ wolframite, nke yiri tungstic acid na nke na-enye anyị akara kemịkalụ tungsten (W) . N'ime iri afọ mbụ mgbe nchọpụta ahụ gasịrị, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nyochara ngwa dị iche iche nwere ike ime maka mmewere na ogige ya, mana ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke tungsten mere ka ọ ghara ịdị irè maka iji ụlọ ọrụ eme ihe.
N'afọ 1847, e nyere onye injinia aha ya bụ Robert Oxland patent iji kwadebe, mepụta, na ibelata tungsten n'ụdị ọla ya, na-eme ka ngwa mmepụta ihe dịkwuo ọnụ ahịa, ya mere, ọ ga-ekwe omume. A malitere ịdepụta ígwè ndị nwere tungsten na 1858, na-eduga na nchara mbụ na-eme ka onwe ya sie ike na 1868. E gosipụtara ụdị ígwè ọhụrụ nwere ihe ruru 20% tungsten na 1900 World Exhibition na Paris, France, ma nyere aka gbasaa ígwè ahụ. ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu; A ka na-eji alloys ígwè ndị a eme ihe na ụlọ ahịa igwe na ihe owuwu taa.
N'afọ 1904, a kwadoro ọkụ ọkụ tungsten filament mbụ, na-ewere ọnọdụ nke oriọna carbon filament na-adịchaghị mma ma na-agba ọkụ ngwa ngwa. A na-eji tungsten mee ihe ndị a na-eji na oriọna ọkụ na-enwu ọkụ kemgbe ahụ, na-eme ka ọ dị mkpa maka uto na ebe niile nke ọkụ ọkụ ọgbara ọhụrụ.
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-eji ngwá ọrụ eme ihe, mkpa maka ịbịaru na-anwụ site na ike siri ike dị ka diamond na ịdịte aka kacha elu mere ka mmepe nke tungsten carbide cimented na 1920s. Site na uto akụ na ụba na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe mgbe Agha IIwa nke Abụọ gasịrị, ahịa maka carbides cemented ejiri maka ngwa ngwa yana akụkụ ngwa ngwa toro. Taa, tungsten bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe nke ọla ndị na-emegharị emegharị, ma a ka na-esi na wolframite na ịnweta mineral ọzọ, scheelite, na-eji otu isi usoro nke ụmụnna Elhuyar mepụtara.
A na-ejikọta Tungsten na ígwè iji mepụta ọla siri ike nke kwụsiri ike na oke okpomọkụ ma na-emepụta ngwaahịa dị ka ngwa ngwa cuttlng dị elu na rocket engine nozzles, yana nnukwu ngwa ngwa ferro-tungsten dị ka ike nke ụgbọ mmiri, karịsịa akpụrụ akpụ. Ngwa igwe tungsten ọla na tungsten alloy igwe ihe na-achọ ngwa nke achọrọ ihe njupụta dị elu (19.3 g/cm3), dị ka ndị na-abanye ume ike, counterweights, flywheels, na ndị gọvanọ Ngwa ndị ọzọ gụnyere ọta radieshon na ebumnuche x-ray. .
Tungsten na-emepụtakwa ogige - dịka ọmụmaatụ, na calcium na magnesium, na-emepụta ihe ndị dị na phosphorescent nke bara uru na fluorescent ìhè bulbs. Tungsten carbide bụ ogige siri ike nke na-aza ihe dị ka 65% nke oriri tungsten ma na-eji ya na ngwa ndị dị ka ndụmọdụ nke ịkụ ọkpọ, ngwa ịkpụ ngwa ngwa, na igwe Ngwuputa Tungsten carbide bụ ama ama maka nguzogide ya; N'ezie, enwere ike ịkpụ ya naanị site na iji ngwaọrụ diamond. Tungsten carbide na-egosipụtakwa ọkụ eletrik na ọkụ, yana nkwụsi ike dị elu. Agbanyeghị, ọ gbajiri agbaji bụ okwu n'ime ngwa nrụpụta siri ike ma bute mmepe nke ihe mejupụtara ọla, dị ka mgbakwunye nke cobalt iji mepụta carbide cemented.
N'azụmahịa, tungsten na ngwaahịa ndị nwere ụdị ya - dị ka alloys dị arọ, tungsten ọla kọpa, na electrodes - ka a na-eme site na ịpị na ịgbanye n'ụdị ụgbụ dị nso. Maka ngwaahịa waya na mkpanaka arụ ọrụ, a na-agbanye tungsten ma gbanye ya, na-esote swaging na ịbịaru ugboro ugboro na annealing, iji mepụta usoro ọka elongated e ji mara nke na-ebufe na ngwaahịa ndị emechara site na nnukwu mkpanaka ruo na wires dị nro.
Oge nzipu: Jul-05-2019