Supercapacitors yog hom khoom siv uas muaj npe zoo uas tuaj yeem khaws thiab xa tawm lub zog sai dua li cov roj teeb li qub. Lawv nyob rau hauv kev thov siab rau cov ntawv thov suav nrog lub tsheb hluav taws xob, kev sib txuas lus wireless thiab lasers siab.

Tab sis kom paub cov ntawv thov no, supercapacitor xav tau cov electrodes zoo dua, uas txuas cov supercapacitor rau cov khoom siv uas nyob ntawm lawv lub zog. Cov electrodes no yuav tsum tau ceev thiab pheej yig dua los ua rau ntawm qhov loj thiab tseem tuaj yeem them thiab tawm lawv cov hluav taws xob sai dua. Ib pab neeg ua haujlwm ntawm University of Washington xav tias lawv tau los nrog cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob supercapacitor uas yuav ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau nruj thiab kev siv.

Cov kws tshawb fawb, coj los ntawm UW tus pab xibfwb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab engineering Peter Pauzauskie, luam tawm ib daim ntawv rau Lub Xya Hli 17 hauv phau ntawv journal Nature Microsystems thiab Nanoengineering piav txog lawv cov supercapacitor electrode thiab ceev, pheej yig txoj kev uas lawv tau ua. Lawv txoj kev tshiab pib nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau uas tau qhuav mus rau hauv qhov qis qis hu ua aerogel. Qhov no airgel ntawm nws tus kheej tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo, tab sis Pauzauskie pab pawg ntau dua ob npaug ntawm nws lub peev xwm, uas yog nws lub peev xwm khaws cov nqi hluav taws xob.

Cov khoom pib pheej yig no, ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke, txo ob qho kev cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam: nqi thiab ceev.

Pauzauskie hais tias "Hauv kev lag luam, lub sijhawm yog nyiaj," "Peb tuaj yeem ua cov khoom pib rau cov electrodes hauv cov xuab moos, tsis yog lub lis piam. Thiab qhov ntawd tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis tus nqi synthesis rau kev ua haujlwm siab supercapacitor electrodes. "

Ua tau zoo supercapacitor electrodes yog synthesized los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv carbon-nplua nuj uas kuj muaj thaj chaw siab. Qhov kev xav tau tom kawg yog qhov tseem ceeb vim yog txoj kev tshwj xeeb supercapacitors khaws cov nqi hluav taws xob. Thaum lub roj teeb ib txwm khaws cov nqi hluav taws xob los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim hauv nws, lub supercapacitor hloov chaw khaws khoom thiab cais cov nqi zoo thiab tsis zoo ncaj qha rau ntawm nws qhov chaw.

"Supercapacitors tuaj yeem ua sai dua li cov roj teeb vim tias lawv tsis txwv los ntawm kev ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis cov khoom lag luam uas tuaj yeem tsim," said Matthew Lim, tus kws kho mob UW hauv Department of Materials Science & Engineering. "Supercapacitors tuaj yeem them thiab tso tawm sai heev, uas yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li xa cov 'pulses' ntawm lub zog no.

"Lawv muaj cov ntawv thov zoo hauv cov chaw uas lub roj teeb ntawm nws tus kheej qeeb dhau," tus kws sau ntawv Matthew Crane, tus kws kho mob hauv UW Department of Chemical Engineering tau hais. "Lub sijhawm uas lub roj teeb qeeb dhau los ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog, lub supercapacitor nrog thaj chaw siab electrode tuaj yeem 'kick' sai thiab ua rau lub zog tsis txaus."

Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws rau kev siv hluav taws xob zoo, pab pawg siv aerogels. Cov no yog cov khoom ntub, zoo li gel uas tau dhau los ntawm kev kho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ziab thiab cua sov los hloov lawv cov khoom ua kua nrog cua lossis lwm yam roj. Cov txheej txheem no khaws cov gel tus qauv 3-D, muab nws thaj chaw siab thiab tsis tshua muaj siab. Nws zoo li tshem tawm tag nrho cov dej tawm ntawm Jell-O yam tsis muaj shrinking.

Pauzauskie hais tias "Ib gram ntawm airgel muaj thaj tsam ntau npaum li thaj tsam ntawm ib qho chaw ncaws pob,"

Crane ua aerogels los ntawm gel-zoo li polymer, cov khoom siv nrog cov txheej txheem rov ua dua, tsim los ntawm formaldehyde thiab lwm yam carbon-based molecules. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias lawv cov cuab yeej, zoo li niaj hnub no cov khoom siv hluav taws xob supercapacitor, yuav muaj cov khoom siv carbon nplua nuj.

Yav dhau los, Lim tau qhia tias ntxiv graphene - uas yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsuas yog ib qho atom tuab - rau cov gel imbued lub resulting airgel nrog supercapacitor zog. Tab sis, Lim thiab Crane xav tau los txhim kho lub aerogel qhov kev ua tau zoo, thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem synthesis pheej yig dua thiab yooj yim dua.

Hauv Lim qhov kev sim yav dhau los, ntxiv graphene tsis tau txhim kho lub aerogel lub peev xwm. Yog li ntawd lawv es tsis txhob thauj cov aerogels nrog nyias nplooj ntawm molybdenum disulfide los yog tungsten disulfide. Ob qho tshuaj siv dav siv niaj hnub no hauv cov khoom siv roj nplua nyeem.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau kho ob qho khoom siv nrog lub suab nrov nrov kom tawg mus rau hauv cov ntawv nyias thiab muab tso rau hauv cov pa roj carbon-nplua nuj gel matrix. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov gel ntub dej tag nrho hauv tsawg dua ob teev, thaum lwm txoj kev yuav siv sijhawm ntau hnub.

Tom qab tau txais cov qhuav, tsis tshua muaj aerogel, lawv muab nws nrog cov nplaum thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau los tsim kev lag luam "dough," uas Lim tuaj yeem yob tawm mus rau cov ntawv tsuas yog ob peb txhiab ntawm ib nti tuab. Lawv txiav ib nrab-nti discs los ntawm lub khob noom cookie thiab sib sau ua ke rau hauv ib qho yooj yim npib tooj ntawm tes roj teeb casings los ntsuam xyuas cov ntaub ntawv zoo li ib tug supercapacitor electrode.

Tsis tsuas yog lawv cov electrodes ceev ceev, yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau synthesize, tab sis lawv kuj ntaus pob ncaws pob muaj peev xwm tsawg kawg yog 127 feem pua ​​​​siab dua cov pa roj carbon-nplua nuj nyob ib leeg.

Lim thiab Crane cia siab tias cov aerogels ntim nrog cov ntawv nyias nyias ntawm molybdenum disulfide lossis tungsten disulfide-lawv muaj li 10 txog 100 atoms tuab-yuav ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua. Tab sis ua ntej, lawv xav qhia tias loaded aerogels yuav sai dua thiab pheej yig dua los ua ke, ib kauj ruam tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom lag luam. Qhov kev nplua zoo los tom ntej.

Pab neeg no ntseeg tias cov kev siv zog no tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev tshawb fawb txawm nyob sab nraud ntawm supercapacitor electrodes. Lawv cov aerogel-nqos molybdenum disulfide tuaj yeem nyob ruaj khov txaus los ua kom cov khoom siv hydrogen. Thiab lawv txoj kev los cuab cov ntaub ntawv sai sai hauv aerogels tuaj yeem siv rau cov roj teeb muaj peev xwm siab lossis catalysis.