Tungsten yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov khoom siv rau kev ntxhov siab heev ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas kaw qhov kub fusion plasma, nws yog cov hlau nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws melting point. Ib qho tsis zoo, txawm li cas los xij, yog nws cov brittleness, uas nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab ua rau nws tsis yooj yim thiab pheej ua kom puas. Ib qho tshiab, cov khoom siv muaj zog dua qub tau tam sim no tau tsim los ntawm Max Planck Lub Tsev Haujlwm rau Plasma Physics (IPP) ntawm Garching. Nws muaj homogeneous tungsten nrog coated tungsten xov hlau embedded. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb txog qhov ua tau tsuas yog qhia qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom siv tshiab.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tau ua ntawm IPP yog los tsim ib lub tshuab fais fab uas, zoo li lub hnub, muab lub zog los ntawm fusion ntawm atomic nuclei. Cov roj siv yog qhov tsawg-density hydrogen plasma. Txhawm rau ignite lub fusion hluav taws, lub plasma yuav tsum tau kaw nyob rau hauv magnetic teb thiab rhuab mus rau ib tug high kub. Nyob rau hauv lub core 100 lab degrees yog attained. tungsten yog cov hlau zoo heev uas yog cov khoom siv rau cov khoom sib txuas ncaj qha nrog cov ntshav kub. Qhov no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav ntau ntawm IPP. Ib qho teeb meem tam sim no uas tsis tau daws, txawm li cas los xij, yog qhov brittleness ntawm cov khoom: tungsten poob nws lub zog nyob rau hauv lub zog cog. Kev ntxhov siab hauv zos - nro, ncab lossis siab - tsis tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov khoom me ntsis muab txoj hauv kev. Kev tawg daim ntawv hloov pauv: Cov khoom siv yog li ntawd hnov ​​​​mob heev rau hauv zos overloading.

Tias yog vim li cas IPP tau nrhiav cov qauv uas muaj peev xwm faib cov kev nruj hauv zos. Fiber-reinforced ceramics tau txais kev pab raws li cov qauv: Piv txwv li, brittle silicon carbide yog ua tsib zaug li tawv thaum ntxiv nrog silicon carbide fibers. Tom qab ob peb qhov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej IPP tus kws tshawb fawb Johann Riesch tau tshawb xyuas seb qhov kev kho zoo sib xws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog tungsten hlau.

Thawj kauj ruam yog los tsim cov khoom tshiab. Ib tug tungsten matrix yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog nrog coated ntev fibers uas muaj xws li extruded tungsten hlau nyias raws li cov plaub hau. Cov xov hlau, Ameslikas npaj ua luminous filaments rau lub teeb qhov muag teev, qhov twg muab los ntawm Osram GmbH. Ntau yam ntaub ntawv rau txheej lawv tau tshawb xyuas ntawm IPP, suav nrog erbium oxide. Tom qab tag nrho cov coated tungsten fibers tau bunched ua ke, xws li parallel los yog braided. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav qhov khoob ntawm cov xov hlau nrog tungsten Johann Riesch thiab nws cov neeg ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke tom qab ntawd tsim cov txheej txheem tshiab nrog rau kev koom tes nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm Askiv Archer Technicoat Ltd. Whereas tungsten workpieces feem ntau nias ua ke los ntawm cov hmoov hlau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ntau dua. Txoj kev maj mam tsim cov khoom sib xyaw tau pom: Cov tungsten tso rau ntawm cov xov hlau los ntawm kev sib xyaw gaseous los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab. Qhov no yog thawj zaug uas tungsten-fiber-reinforced tungsten tau ua tiav tiav, nrog rau qhov xav tau: Lub pob tawg toughness ntawm cov khoom siv tshiab tau nce peb npaug ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau fiberless tungsten tom qab thawj qhov kev sim.

Cov kauj ruam thib ob yog los tshawb xyuas seb qhov no ua haujlwm li cas: Qhov kev txiav txim siab tau ua pov thawj tias cov fibers choj tawg hauv matrix thiab tuaj yeem faib lub zog ua haujlwm hauv zos hauv cov khoom. Ntawm no cov kev sib tshuam ntawm fibers thiab tungsten matrix, ntawm ib sab, yuav tsum tsis muaj zog txaus los muab txoj hauv kev thaum cov kab nrib pleb thiab, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj zog txaus los xa cov quab yuam ntawm cov fibers thiab matrix. Hauv kev sim khoov qhov no tuaj yeem pom ncaj qha los ntawm X-ray microtomography. Qhov no tau qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv.

Kev txiav txim siab rau cov khoom siv tau zoo, txawm li cas los xij, yog qhov txhim kho toughness yog khaws cia thaum nws siv. Johann Riesch tau tshuaj xyuas qhov no los ntawm kev tshawb xyuas cov qauv uas tau raug embritted los ntawm kev kho cua sov ua ntej. Thaum cov qauv raug xa mus rau cov hluav taws xob synchrotron lossis muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob, ncab thiab khoov lawv kuj tau lees tias qhov no cov khoom siv tau zoo dua: Yog tias cov matrix tsis ua haujlwm thaum ntxhov siab, cov fibers tuaj yeem txuas cov kab nrib pleb tshwm sim thiab kav lawv.

Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus rau kev nkag siab thiab tsim cov khoom tshiab yog li ntawd. Cov qauv yog tam sim no yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho thiab nrog optimized interfaces, qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntej rau cov khoom loj. Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab kuj tseem muaj kev txaus siab dhau ntawm kev tshawb fawb fusion.