Tungsten muaj keeb kwm ntev thiab keeb kwm rov qab mus rau Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog, thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm tin hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees tshaj tawm nrhiav pom cov ntxhia tsis zoo uas feem ntau tuaj nrog tin ore thiab txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tin thaum smelting. Cov miners nicknamed cov ntxhia wolfram rau nws nyiam "dev" tin "zoo li hma."
Tungsten yog thawj zaug pom tias yog ib qho khoom hauv xyoo 1781, los ntawm Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, uas tau tshawb pom tias cov kua qaub tshiab, uas nws hu ua tungstic acid, tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov ntxhia tam sim no hu ua scheelite. Scheele thiab Torbern Bergman, tus xibfwb qhia ntawv hauv Uppsala, Sweden, tau tsim lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv charcoal txo cov kua qaub kom tau cov hlau.

Tungsten raws li peb paub niaj hnub no thaum kawg raug rho tawm raws li ib tug hlau nyob rau hauv 1783 los ntawm ob tug neeg Mev chemists, cov kwv tij Juan Jose thiab Fausto Elhuyar, nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov ntxhia hu ua wolframite, uas yog zoo tib yam rau tungstic acid thiab uas muab peb tungsten cov tshuaj cim (W) . Hauv thawj xyoo caum tom qab kev tshawb pom cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb nrhiav ntau yam kev siv tau rau cov khoom siv thiab nws cov khoom sib txuas, tab sis tus nqi siab ntawm tungsten ua rau nws tseem siv tsis tau rau kev lag luam.
Xyoo 1847, tus kws ua haujlwm hu ua Robert Oxland tau tso cai patent los npaj, tsim, thiab txo cov tungsten rau nws cov ntawv hlau, ua rau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab yog li ntawd, ua tau ntau dua. Cov hlau uas muaj tungsten tau pib ua patented nyob rau hauv 1858, ua rau thawj tus kheej-hardening steels nyob rau hauv 1868. Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm cov hlau uas muaj txog li 20% tungsten tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1900 World Exhibition hauv Paris, Fabkis, thiab pab nthuav cov hlau. kev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho; cov hlau alloys no tseem siv dav hauv khw muag khoom thiab kev tsim kho niaj hnub no.

Xyoo 1904, thawj tungsten filament qhov muag teev tau patented, coj qhov chaw ntawm cov roj carbon filament teeb uas tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thiab hlawv tawm sai dua. Filaments siv nyob rau hauv incandescent teeb qhov muag teev tau tsim los ntawm tungsten txij li thaum, ua rau nws tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob thiab ubiquity ntawm niaj hnub dag teeb pom kev zoo.
Hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam, qhov xav tau rau kev kos duab tuag nrog pob zeb zoo li hardness thiab siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm tau tsav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cemented tungsten carbides hauv xyoo 1920. Nrog rau kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam loj hlob tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, kev ua lag luam rau cemented carbides siv rau cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kuj tau loj hlob. Niaj hnub no, tungsten yog siv dav tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau refractory, thiab nws tseem tau muab rho tawm feem ntau los ntawm wolframite thiab lwm cov ntxhia, scheelite, siv tib txoj kev tsim los ntawm Elhuyar cov kwv tij.

Tungsten feem ntau yog alloyed nrog hlau los tsim cov hlau tawv uas ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab siv los ua cov khoom xws li cov cuab yeej siv high-speed cuttlng thiab foob pob hluav taws cav nozzles, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv loj ntim ntawm ferro-tungsten raws li cov khoom ntawm cov nkoj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov dej khov tawg. Cov khoom siv hlau tungsten thiab tungsten alloy mills yog nyob rau hauv kev thov rau cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau muaj cov khoom siv high-density (19.3 g / cm3), xws li kinetic zog penetrators, counterweights, flywheels, thiab Governors Lwm daim ntawv thov muaj xws li hluav taws xob shields thiab x-ray lub hom phiaj. .
Tungsten kuj tsim cov tebchaw - piv txwv li, nrog calcium thiab magnesium, tsim cov khoom phosphorescent uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov qij fluorescent. Tungsten carbide yog ib qho nyuaj heev uas suav txog li 65% ntawm tungsten noj thiab siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov xws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov khoom siv tho, cov cuab yeej siv siab ceev, thiab cov tshuab mining tungsten carbide yog nto moo rau nws hnav tsis kam; qhov tseeb, nws tsuas yog txiav tau siv cov cuab yeej pob zeb diamond. Tungsten carbide kuj nthuav tawm hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity, thiab siab stability. Txawm li cas los xij, nws brittleness yog ib qho teeb meem hauv kev siv cov qauv kev nyuab siab heev thiab coj mus rau kev tsim cov hlau sib txuas, xws li ntxiv ntawm cobalt los ua cov cemented carbide.
Kev lag luam, tungsten thiab nws cov khoom zoo li tus - xws li hnyav alloys, tooj liab tungsten, thiab electrodes - yog tsim los ntawm nias thiab sintering nyob ze net zoo. Rau hlau thiab pas nrig wrought khoom, tungsten yog nias thiab sintered, ua raws li los ntawm swaging thiab rov qab kos duab thiab annealing, los tsim ib tug yam ntxwv elongated grain qauv uas nqa nyob rau hauv cov khoom tiav xws li cov rods loj mus rau nyias nyias.