Tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum thiab niobium yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam aviation thiab tiv thaiv vim lawv cov khoom: qhov kub thiab txias stability, ceev thiab tensile lub zog, lawv cov khoom zoo heev machinability, thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.