Hoʻopili ʻia ka helu hoʻoheheʻe o kekahi mea e nā ʻano mea like ʻole, e like me nā ikaika intermolecular, ke ʻano molekala, a me ke kaomi o waho. Eia kekahi mau kumu nui e pili ana i ka helu hehee o kekahi mea.

1. Ka ikaika intermolecular: ʻO ka ikaika o ka ikaika intermolecular ma waena o nā molekala he mana nui i ka helu heheʻe. ʻO nā mea me nā pūʻali molekala ikaika, e like me ka ionic a i ʻole ka covalent bond, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā helu heheʻe. No ka laʻana, loaʻa nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka ikaika o nā pūhui ionic.

2. ʻO ka nui a me ke ʻano molekala: ʻO ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka mole e pili ana i ka helu heheʻe. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā molekala nui me nā hale paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā helu heheʻe ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka ʻili a me nā pilina intermolecular ikaika. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā molekala spherical hiki ke loaʻa nā wahi heheʻe haʻahaʻa.

3. Polarity: Loaʻa i nā molekala polar ka puʻunaue like ʻole a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā helu heheʻe ma mua o nā molekala non-polar. ʻO kēia ke kumu no ka hōʻike ʻana o nā molekala polar i nā hiʻohiʻona intermolecular ikaika, e like me ka pilina dipole-dipole a me ka hoʻopaʻa hydrogen.

4. Ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia: ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻāpana i loko o ka lattice aniani paʻa e pili ana i ka helu heheʻe. ʻO nā mea me nā hale aniani i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia a hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā helu heheʻe ma mua o nā mea me nā hale liʻiliʻi.

5. Paʻi: I kekahi mau hihia, pili ka helu heheʻe o kahi mea i ka kaomi o waho. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaomi ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka helu heheʻe o kekahi mau mea, ʻoi aku ka poʻe e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano maʻamau i nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe.

6. Nā haumia: ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā haumia i loko o kahi mea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona wahi heheʻe. Hoʻopilikia nā mea haumia i ke ʻano lattice maʻamau, e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea mai ka paʻa i ka wai.

7. Hoʻohui Isotope: ʻO ka haku mele isotope, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka haku mele isotopic o nā mea, hiki ke hoʻopili i ka helu heheʻe. Hiki i nā isotopes me nā nui atomika ʻokoʻa ke hōʻike i nā wahi heheʻe ʻokoʻa iki ma muli o kā lākou mau pilina atomika like ʻole.

He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau mea i ka wānana a me ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano heheʻe o nā mea like ʻole. Ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka pilina o kēia mau mea, hiki i nā ʻepekema a me nā ʻenekinia ke loaʻa ka ʻike i nā waiwai kino o nā mea a me ke ʻano o ko lākou ʻano ma lalo o nā kūlana like ʻole.