Hiki ke hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Tungsten a me kāna mau mea hoʻohui e ke kinoea tungsten-arc welding,
wiliwili kinoea tungsten-arc braze, wiliwili uila uila a me ka waiho ʻana o ka mahu.

Ua loiloi ʻia ka weldability o ka tungsten a me ka nui o kāna mau mea hoʻohui i hoʻohui ʻia e ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke arc, pauka metallurgy, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe kemika (CVD). ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia he 0.060 iniha ka pepa mānoanoa. ʻO nā kaʻina hana hoʻohui i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo (1) wili tungsten-arc kinoea, (2) wiliwili kinoea tungsten-arc braze, (3) wili uila uila a me (4) hoʻohui ʻia e CVD.
Ua wili maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Tungsten e kēia mau ʻano a pau akā ua hoʻopili nui ʻia ka maikaʻi o nā welds e nā ʻano kumu a me nā metala hoʻopiha (ʻo ia hoʻi nā huahana arc-cast). No ka laʻana, ʻaʻohe porosity nā welds i loko o nā mea i hoʻolei ʻia arc a ʻo nā wili i loko o nā huahana metallurgy pauda he porous maʻamau, ʻoi aku ma ka laina hui. No ke kinoea tungsten-arc (GTA) welds ma 1/ 1r, i. unalloyed tungsten pepa, ka palena iki preheat o 150 ° C (i loaʻa i ka ductileto-brittle hoʻololi wela o ke kumu metala) hua welds me ka māwae. E like me nā metala kumu, hiki ke wiliwili ʻia nā ʻāpana tungsten-rhenium me ka ʻole o ka wela mua, akā ʻo ka porosity kekahi pilikia me nā huahana pauka tungsten alloy. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomehana mua ʻana i ka porosity weld kahi hana nui o ke ʻano metala kumu.
ʻO ka ductile-to-brittle transition ternperatures (DBIT) no ke kinoea tungsten-arc welds i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka pauka metallurgy tungsten he 325 a 475 ° C, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 150。 C no ka metala kumu a me 425 ° C no ka electron beamwelded. arc-cast tungsten.
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka tungsten me nā metala hoʻopihapiha like ʻole ʻaʻole i hana i nā waiwai hui maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻohana mākou iā Nb, Ta, W-26% Re, Mo a me Re e like me nā metala hoʻopiha i nā welds braze. ʻO ka Nb a me ka Mo i hana i ka pohā nui.

Hoʻohui ʻia e CVD ma 510 a 560° C

hoʻopau i nā mea āpau akā he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka porosity a hoʻopau pū i nā pilikia e pili ana i nā wela kiʻekiʻe e pono ai no ka wili (e like me nā hua nui i ka weld a me nā wahi wela).
Hoʻolauna
Ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nei nā ʻāpana tungsten a me tungsten-base no ka nui o nā noi nuklea a me ka lewa e pili ana i nā mea hoʻololi thermionic, nā kaʻa hoʻi hou, nā mea wahie wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea reactor ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o kēia mau mea, ʻo kā lākou hui pū ʻana o nā wela hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe loa, nā ikaika maikaʻi i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe ka wela a me nā conductivities uila a me ke kūpaʻa kūpono i ka corrosion i kekahi mau kaiapuni. Ma muli o ka palena o ka brittleness i ko lākou hiki ke hana, ʻo ka pono o kēia mau mea i loko o nā ʻāpana i kūkulu ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana lawelawe koʻikoʻi e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kaʻina hana wili e hāʻawi i nā hono i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā waiwai me ka metala kumu. No laila, ʻo nā pahuhopu o kēia mau haʻawina ʻo ia ka (1) e hoʻoholo i nā waiwai mechanical o nā hono i hana ʻia e nā ʻano hui like ʻole i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka tungsten i hoʻohui ʻole ʻia; (2) loiloi i nā hopena o nā hoʻololi like ʻole i ka mālama wela a me ka ʻenehana hoʻohui ʻana; a (3) hōʻike i ka hiki ke hana i nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo kūpono no nā noi kikoʻī.
Nā mea waiwai
Unlloyed tungsten m叮10 m. ʻO nā lau mānoanoa ka mea i makemake nui ʻia. ʻO ka tungsten ʻaʻole i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kēia haʻawina i hana ʻia e ka metallurgy pauka, ka hoʻoheheʻe arc a me nā ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe kemika. Hōʻike ka papa 1 i nā pae haumia o ka pauka metallurgy, CVD a me nā huahana tungsten arc-cast i loaʻa. Hāʻule ka hapa nui i loko o nā pae i loaʻa i ka tungsten

akā, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea CVD ma mua o ka maʻamau] ka nui o ka fluorine.
Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano nui a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka tungsten a me ka tungsten alloys no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana. ʻO ka hapa nui o ia mau mea he mau mea hoʻoheheʻe pauda ʻoiai ua wili pū ʻia kekahi mau mea arc-cast. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻonohonoho kikoʻī no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hiki o nā hale kūkulu hale a me nā ʻāpana. Ua loaʻa nā matena a pau i kahi kūlana hana anu me ka ʻokoʻa o ka tungsten CVD, i loaʻa i ka waiho ʻia. Ma muli o ka nui o ka brittleness o recrystallized a me ka nui-grained tungsten ua welded ka mea ma ke kūlana hana e ho'ēmi i ka ulu palaoa i loko o ka heataffected wahi. Ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka mea a me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i loaʻa, ua hoʻolālā mākou i nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo i hoʻohana i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā mea e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike i makemake ʻia.
Kaʻina hana
No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka ductile-to-brittle transition (DBTT) o ka tungsten ma luna o ka mahana o ka lumi, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka mālama kūikawā i ka lawelawe ʻana a me ka mīkini e pale aku i ka haki ʻana1. ʻO ka ʻāhi ʻana ke kumu o ka haki ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao a ua ʻike mākou ʻo ka wili a me ka mīkini electrodischarge e waiho i nā nānā wela ma ka ʻili. Inā ʻaʻole e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ma ka lapping, hiki i kēia mau māwae ke hoʻolaha i ka wā wili a me ka hoʻohana ʻana ma hope.
ʻO Tungsten, e like me nā metala refractory a pau, pono e wili ʻia i loko o kahi lewa maʻemaʻe loa o ke kinoea inert (gas tungsten-arc process) a i ʻole ka momi (electron beam pro:::ess)2 i mea e pale ai i ka haumia o ka weld e nā interstitials. No ka mea ʻo tungsten ka helu hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe loa o nā metala āpau (3410 ° C), pono e hiki i nā mea hana wili ke kū i nā mahana lawelawe kiʻekiʻe.

Papa 1

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻekolu kaʻina hana kuʻi: gas tungsten-arc welding, gas tungsten-arc braze welding a me electron beam welding. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā kūlana welding e pono ai no ka pcnetration piha ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu hoʻokomo ʻia no kēlā me kēia mea. Ma mua o ka wili ʻana, hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea pepa i loko o ka 囚in. ākea ākea a degreased me ka ethyl alcohol. ʻO ka hoʻolālā hui ʻana he ʻāwīwī square me ka wehe ʻole o ke aʻa.
Kuʻihao Tungsten-Arc
A pau automatie a me manual kinoea tungsten-arc welds i hana 'ia i loko o ka ehamher i mālama 'ia ma lalo o 5 x I ole. torr no kahi o 1 hola a laila hoʻopiha ʻia me ka argon maʻemaʻe loa. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. lA, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ke keʻena me kahi mīkini hele a me ke poʻo lama no ka wili ʻakomi. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea hana i loko o kahi mea keleawe i hoʻolako ʻia me nā mea hoʻokomo tungsten ma nā wahi āpau o ka hoʻopili ʻana i mea e pale ai i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana i ka hana e ka kuʻi welding. ʻO ke kumu o kēia mea paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mea hoʻomehana pahu uila i hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua i ka hana i ka wela i makemake ʻia, Fig. .
Kuʻi Kuʻekuʻe Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai-A『c
Ua hana ʻia nā welds tungsten gas i loko o kahi ehamber me kahi ea inert e nā ʻenehana like me

na mea i hoikeia maluna. Ua hana lima 'ia na weld braze bead-onplate me tungsten a me W—26% Re filler metal; akā naʻe, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā weld braze butt ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka metala hoʻopiha i ka hui pū.
Kuʻi Kuʻi Electron Beam
Ua hana ʻia nā weld beam eleetron i kahi mīkini 150-kV 20-mA. Ua mālama ʻia kahi ʻūhā ma kahi o 5 x I o-6 torr i ka wā wili. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kukui uila e loaʻa i kahi ratio kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hohonu a me ka laula a me kahi ʻāpana wela haiki.
』ʻoi ʻia e ka Chemical Vapor Disposition
Ua hana ʻia nā hui ʻo Tungsten ma ka waiho ʻana i ka metala hoʻopiha tungsten hoʻopiha ʻole ʻia ma o ke kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mahu. Ua waiho ʻia ʻo Tungsten e ka hoʻemi hydrogen o ka tungsten hexafluoride e like me ka pane-t
wela
WFs(g) + 3H,(g)一–+W(s) + 6HF(g).
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻenehana no ka hoʻohui ʻana e koi wale i nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi i nā mea paʻa a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kahe reactant. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o kēia kaʻina hana ma mua o nā ʻano hana maʻamau o ka hoʻohui ʻana, ʻo ia, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (510 a 650 ° C) ma mua o ka helu heheʻe o

tungsten (3410 ° C), recrystallization a me ka hiki ke ho'ēmi hou 'ia o ka wrought tungsten base metala e ka haumia a i ole ulu huapalaoa ua emi.
Ua hana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano hoʻolālā hui pū me ka pani ʻana o ka ʻōpū a me ka hopena. Ua hana ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ke kōkua o kahi mandrel keleawe i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea paʻa, ʻāpana alignment a me kahi substrate. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka waiho ʻana, ua wehe ʻia ka mandrel eopper e ka etching. No ka mea, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hana ʻē aʻe "ua loaʻa i ka CVD tungsten nā koʻikoʻi koena paʻakikī e like me ka waiho ʻana, ʻo kēia mau ami ka hoʻihoʻi koʻikoʻi I hr ma 1000 ° a 1600 ° C ma mua o ka hana ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
Nānā a ho'āʻo
Ua nānā ʻia nā hui me ka ʻike maka a me ka wai penetrant a me ka radiograph ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. Ua kālailai ʻia nā welds maʻamau no ka oxygen a me ka nitrogen (Papa 2) a ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua metallographic nui i loko o ke aʻo ʻana.
Ma muli o kona ʻano maʻalahi a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka piko ma ke ʻano he kumu mua no ka hui pū ʻana a me ka eomparison o nā kaʻina hana. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā mahana hoʻololi ductile-tobrittle me kahi ʻāpana kuʻekuʻe ʻekolu no nā hui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a ma hope o ka ʻelemakule. ʻO ka hōʻike kumu no nā hoʻāʻo piʻo ʻo ka longitudinal

piko maka, 24t ka loa a 12t ka laula, kahi t ka manoanoa kikoo. Kākoʻo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ma kahi 15t span a kūlou ʻia me kahi plunger o radius 4t ma ka wikiwiki o 0.5 ipm. Ua maʻa kēia geometry i ka ʻikepili i loaʻa ma nā ʻano mānoanoa o nā mea. Hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻohālike i ke kaʻina weld (longitudinal bend specimen) e hāʻawi i ka hoʻololi like ʻana o ka weld, ka ʻāpana wela a me ke metala kumu; akā naʻe, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ma ke kaʻina weld (transverse bend specimen) no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā wili maka i nā ʻāpana mua o ka hoʻokolokolo; akā naʻe, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i loaʻa ma nā faees o ka hapa nui o nā welds ma muli o ke kaumaha o ka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā piko aʻa i nā hoʻokolohua hope. Ua hahai ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka Papa Kūkākūkā Maikaʻi6 e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka piʻo ʻana o nā ʻāpana pepa. Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea, ua koho ʻia nā mea hoʻohālike liʻiliʻi loa.
No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka wela o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka piko, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea kulou i loko o kahi umu hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe wikiwiki i ka mahana i 500 ° C. ʻO kahi piʻo o 90 a 105 deg i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kahi piko piha. Ua wehewehe ʻia ka DBTT ma ke ʻano he wela haʻahaʻa loa kahi i kulou piha ai ka speeimen me ka ʻole o ka haʻalulu. ʻOiai ua hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ma ka lewa, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka discoloration o nā specimens a hiki i nā mahana hoʻāʻo i 400 ° C.

Helu 1

Nā hualoaʻa no Unlloyed Tungsten
Weldability maʻamau
Kuʻi Kuʻi Gas Turzgstea-Arc—Ma ka wiliwili kinoea tungsten-arc o 1乍in. ʻO ka pepa mānoanoa ʻaʻole i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻia ka hana i mea e pale ai i ka hāʻule ʻole ma lalo o ke kaumaha i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka haʻalulu wela. Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 2 i kahi haʻihaʻi maʻamau i hana ʻia e ka wili me ka hoʻomehana ʻole. ʻIke ʻia ka nui o ka palaoa a me ke ʻano o ka weld a me ka wela i ka haki. ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano hana preheating mai ka lumi wela a hiki i 540°C ua hōʻike ʻia he pono ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi o 150°C no ka hana mau ʻana o nā welds butt one-pass me ka ʻole o nā māwae. Pili kēia mahana i ka DBTI o ka metala kumu. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia he mea pono ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana i nā wela kiʻekiʻe ma kēia mau hoʻāʻo akā pono paha nā mea me ka DBTI kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻonohonoho e pili ana i nā koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻoi aku ka nui, pono paha e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua i nā ternperature kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka weldment e hilinaʻi nui i nā kaʻina hana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā metala kumu. ʻO nā welds autogenous i loko o ka arc-cast tungsten he manuahi maoli mai ka porosity, Fig.
3A, akā, ʻike ʻia nā welds i loko o ka pauda metallurgy tungsten e ka porosity nui, Fig. 3 (b), ʻoi loa ma ka laina hui. ʻO ka nui o kēia porosity, Fig. 3B, ʻoi aku ma ka 3C, i nā welds i hana ʻia i loko o kahi huahana proprietary, haʻahaʻa porosity (GE-15 i hana ʻia e General Electric Co., Cleveland).
ʻO nā welds tungsten-arc kinoea ma CVD tungsten he mau ʻāpana wela ʻē aʻe ma muli o ke ʻano o ka palaoa 0£ ke kumu metaF. Hōʻike ka Helu 4 i ka helehelena a me ka ʻāpana keʻa e pili ana i kēlā ʻano hoʻoheheʻe kinoea tungsten-arc butt weld. E hoʻomaopopo i ka ulu ʻana o nā huaʻai maikaʻi ma ka ʻili o ka substrate ma muli o ka wela o ka wili. ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ka nele o ka ulu ʻana o ke kolamu nui

palaoa. Loaʻa ke kinoea nā ʻōpala kolamu
bubb_les ma nā palena palaoa i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā haumia fluorme8. No laila, inā
wehe ʻia ka ʻili o ka palaoa maikaʻi ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka weldment kahi ʻāpana i ʻike ʻia me ka wela. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i loko o nā mea CVD i hana ʻia (e like me ka extruded a i huki ʻia paha nā paipu i huki ʻia) ʻo ka wahi wela o ka weld ka mea maʻamau recrystallized palaoa.
Loaʻa nā māwae i loko o nā palena palaoa columnar i ka RAZ o kekahi mau welds ma CVD tungsten. ʻO kēia pohā, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. 5, ma muli o ka hoʻokumu wikiwiki ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōhū i loko o nā palena palaoa i nā wela kiʻekiʻe9. Ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka wiliwili, hiki i nā ʻōhū ke hoʻopau i ka nui o ka palena o ka palaoa; ʻO kēia, i hui pū ʻia me ke koʻikoʻi i hana ʻia i ka wā hoʻolili, huki i nā palena ʻai i kaʻawale e hana i kahi māwae. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka huʻihuʻi i loko o ka tungsten a me nā waihona metala ʻē aʻe i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela e hōʻike ana i ka puka ʻana o nā ʻōhū i loko o nā metala i waiho ʻia ma lalo o 0.3 Tm (ka wela hoʻoheheʻe homologous). Hōʻike kēia ʻike i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻeaea ma o ka hui ʻana o nā hakahaka a me nā kinoea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā annealing. I ka hihia o CVD tungsten, ʻo ke kinoea he fluorine a i ʻole he pūhui fluoride
Electron Beam Weld—Unalloyed tungsten was electron beam welded with a me ka wela ole. ʻOkoʻa ka pono o ka preheat me ka specimen. No ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka weld me ka ʻole o nā māwae, ʻōlelo ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana i ka DBTT o ka metala kumu. Loaʻa i nā weld beam electron i nā huahana metallurgy pauda ka porosity weld i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua.

Gas Tungsten-Arc Braze Welding一I ka ho'āʻo e hoʻoholo inā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka wili keleawe i mea e pono ai, ua hoʻāʻo mākou me ke kaʻina hana tungstenarc no ka hana ʻana i nā welds braze ma ka pauka metallurgy tungsten sheet, ua hana ʻia nā wili keleawe ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka metala hoʻopiha ma ka ʻaoʻao. ka hui ʻana ma mua o ka wili ʻana. Ua hana ʻia nā welds braze me Nb, Ta, Mo, Re, a me W-26% Re i hui pū ʻia. E like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, aia ka porosity ma ka laina hui ma nā ʻāpana metallographic o nā hui āpau (Fig. 6) ʻoiai ʻo nā metala kumu he huahana metallurgy pauda. ʻO nā welds i hana ʻia me ka niobium a me nā metala hoʻopiha molybdenum ua māhā.
Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka paʻakikī o nā welds a me nā weld braze ma o ke aʻo ʻana i nā welds bead-on-plate i hana ʻia me ka tungsten unalloyed a me W一% Re ma ke ʻano he metala hoʻopiha. Ua hana lima ʻia nā welds tungstenarc gas a me nā weld braze ma luna o nā huahana metallurgy pauka tungsten ʻole (ka haʻahaʻa porosity, proprietary (GE-15) a me kahi papa kālepa maʻamau). ʻO nā welds a me nā weld braze i kēlā me kēia mea i kahiko ʻia ma 900, 1200, 1600 a me 2000 ° C no l, 10, 100 a me 1000 mau hola. Ua nānā ʻia nā mea hoʻohālike ma ke ʻano metallographical, a ua lawe ʻia nā ala paʻakikī ma waena o ka weld, wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia i ka wela, a me ka metala kumu i hoʻopili ʻia a ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela.

Papa 2

Kiʻi 2

No ka mea, ʻo nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kēia noiʻi ʻana he huahana metallurgy pauda, ​​ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka porosity i loko o ka weld a me nā waihona weld braze. Eia hou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka porosity o nā hui i hana ʻia me ka pauka maʻamau tungsten base metala ma mua o nā mea i hana ʻia me ka porosity haʻahaʻa, proprietary tungsten. ʻO nā weld braze i hana ʻia me W-26% Re filler metala ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka porosity ma mua o nā welds i hana ʻia me ka metala hoʻopiha tungsten ʻole.
ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka manawa a i ʻole ka wela ma ka paʻakikī o nā welds i hana ʻia me ka tungsten unalloyed e like me ke metala hoʻopiha. E like me ka welded, ʻo nā ana paʻakikī o ka weld a me nā metala kumu i mau a ʻaʻole i loli ma hope o ka ʻelemakule. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā weld braze i hana ʻia me W—26% Re filler metal ma mua o ka metala kumu (Fig. 7). ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka waihona weld W-Re br立e ma muli o ka paʻakikī paʻa paʻa a/a i ʻole ke kū ʻana o ka māhele er i māhele maikaʻi ʻia i loko o ka hale paʻa. Hōʻike ka diagram tungstenrhenium phase11 e hiki ke loaʻa nā wahi kūloko o ka maʻi rhenium kiʻekiʻe i ka wā hoʻomaha wikiwiki a hopena i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka māhele paʻakikī a palupalu i loko o ka hale kaʻawale loa. Malia paha ua hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻia ka māhele er i loko o nā ʻōpala a i ʻole nā ​​palena o ka palaoa, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe mea i lawa e ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻokolokolo metallographic a i ʻole ka ʻokoʻa X-ray.
Hoʻolālā ʻia ka paʻakikī ma ke ʻano he hana o ka mamao mai ka laina waena braze-weld no nā mahana ʻelemakule like ʻole ma Fig. 7A. E nānā i ka hoʻololi koke

i ka paakiki ma ka laina hui. Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana wela, ua emi ka paʻakikī o ka weld braze a hiki i ka 100 hr ma J 600 ° C, ua like ka paʻakikī me ka metala kumu tungsten unalloyed. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka emi ʻana o ka paʻakikī me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana i paʻa pono no nā wā kahiko. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manawa ma kahi mahana mau ua hoʻemi ʻia ka like ʻole o ka paʻakikī, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia no kahi mahana kahiko o 1200° C ma Fig. 7B.
Hoʻohui ʻia e ka Chemical Vapor Deposition—Ua noiʻi ʻia ka hui ʻana o ka tungsten e nā ʻenehana CVD ma ke ʻano he ala no ka hana ʻana i nā welds i nā hoʻolālā specimen like ʻole. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea paʻa kūpono a me nā masks e kaupalena i ka waiho ʻana i nā wahi i makemake ʻia, ua hui pū ʻia ka CVD a me ka pauka metallurgy tungsten sheets a ua hana ʻia nā pani pani ʻana i nā paipu. Hoʻomoe ʻia i loko o kahi bevel me kahi kihi i hoʻohui ʻia ma kahi o 90 degere i hana ʻia i ka pohā, Fig. 8A, ma nā ʻāpana o nā ʻano kolamu e ulu ana mai kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka bevel a me ka substrate (i kālai ʻia). Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa nā hono kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe me ka haki ʻole a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā haumia, Fig. 8B, i ka wā i hoʻololi ʻia ai ka hoʻonohonoho hui ʻana ma o ka wili ʻana i ka maka o ka metala kumu i kahi radius o飞in. pili i ke kumu o ka weld. No ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi noi maʻamau o kēia kaʻina hana i ka hana ʻana i nā mea wahie, ua hana ʻia kekahi mau pani pani i loko o nā paipu tungsten. Ua paʻa kēia mau ami i ka wā i hoʻāʻo ʻia me kahi mea ʻike leak helium mass spectrorr:eter.

Helu 3

Helu 4

Helu 5

Na Waiwai Mechanical
Ho'āʻo Bend o Fusion Welds一Ductile-a-brittle transition curve ua hoʻoholo ʻia no nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole i ka tungsten unalloyed. Hōʻike nā ʻoni ma ka Fig. 9 i ka DBTT o ʻelua mau metala kumu lepo lepo ma kahi o I 50 ° C. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka DBTT (ka wela haʻahaʻa i hiki ke hana ʻia kahi 90 a hiki i 105 deg ke piʻo) o nā mea ʻelua i hoʻonui nui ʻia ma hope o ka wili. . Ua piʻi ka mahana hoʻololi e pili ana i 175 ° C i kahi waiwai o 325 ° C no ka pauka metallurgy tungsten maʻamau a hoʻonui ʻia ma kahi o 235 ° C i kahi waiwai o 385 ° C no ka porosity haʻahaʻa, nā mea waiwai. ʻO kaʻokoʻa o nā DBTT o nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia a me nā mea i hoʻopiliʻoleʻia i pili i ka nui o ka palaoa a me ka hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou i nā haumia o nā welds a me nā'āpana wela. Hōʻike nā hopena hoʻāʻo i ka DBTT o nā welds metallurgy tungsten maʻamau i haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka waiwai o ka waiwai, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka porosity. ʻO ka DBTT kiʻekiʻe o ka weld i loko o ka tungsten porosity haʻahaʻa ma muli paha o kona nui liʻiliʻi nui, Fig. 3A a me 3C.
Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā hopena o nā noiʻi e hoʻoholo ai i nā DBTT no kekahi mau hui i ka tungsten unalloyed ma ka Papa 3. Ua maʻalahi nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā loli i ke kaʻina hana hoʻāʻo. Ua ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka piko o ke aʻa ma mua o ka piko o ke alo. ʻO kahi hoʻomaha koʻikoʻi i koho pono ʻia ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana ua ʻike ʻia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i ka DBTT. ʻO ka CVD tungsten, e like me ka welded, ka DBTT kiʻekiʻe loa (560 ℃) ； akā, i ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia ai kahi hoʻomaha koʻikoʻi 1 hr o 1000 ℃ ma hope o ka wili ʻana, ua hāʻule kāna DBTT i 350 ℃. koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o 1000 ° C ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana, ua hāʻule kona DBTT i 350 ° C. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ka arc welded pauda metallurgy tungsten no 1 hr ma 18000 C ua hoʻemi i ka DBTT o kēia mea ma kahi o 100 ° C mai ka waiwai i hoʻoholo ʻia no ia as- wili ʻia. ʻO kahi hoʻomaha kaumaha o 1 hola ma 1000 ° C ma kahi hui i hana ʻia e nā ʻano CVD i hana i ka DBTT haʻahaʻa loa (200 ° C). Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kēia ʻano hoʻololi ma mua o nā ʻano wela hoʻololi ʻē aʻe i hoʻoholo ʻia i loko o kēia haʻawina, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana e ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (0.1 vs 0.5 ipm) i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua ma nā hui CVD.

Ho'āʻo Bend o nā welds braze-gas tungsten-arc braze welds i hana ʻia me Nb. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo Ta, Mo, Re, a me W-26% Re ma ke ʻano he metala hoʻopiha piha a hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā hopena ma ka papa 4. Ua loaʻa ka ductility loa me kahi weld braze rhenium.

ʻOiai ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena o kēia haʻawina cursory e hiki ke hana i nā metala hoʻopihapiha ʻokoʻa i nā hui me nā waiwai mechaniccal i loko o ka hale o nā welds homogeneous i tungsten, hiki i kekahi o kēia mau metala hoʻopiha ke hoʻohana i ka hana.

Nā hualoaʻa no nā huila Tungsten.