ʻO nā Supercapacitors kahi ʻano mea i kapa ʻia e hiki ke mālama a hoʻopuka i ka ikehu ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o nā pihi maʻamau. Ke koi nui nei lākou no nā noi e pili ana i nā kaʻa uila, kelepona kelepona a me nā laser kiʻekiʻe.

Akā no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau noi, pono nā supercapacitors i nā electrodes ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e hoʻopili i ka supercapacitor i nā mea e hilinaʻi nei i ko lākou ikehu. Pono kēia mau electrodes e ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi e hana ma ke ʻano nui a hiki ke hoʻouka a hoʻokuʻu i kā lākou ukana uila. Manaʻo kekahi hui o nā ʻenekinia ma ke Kulanui o Wakinekona ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi kaʻina hana no ka hana ʻana i nā mea electrode supercapacitor e hoʻokō i kēia mau koi ikaika a me ka hoʻohana ʻana.

ʻO nā mea noiʻi, i alakaʻi ʻia e UW kōkua kumu ʻepekema o nā mea ʻepekema a me ka ʻenekinia ʻo Peter Pauzauskie, i paʻi i kahi pepa ma Iulai 17 ma ka puke pai Nature Microsystems a me Nanoengineering e wehewehe ana i kā lākou supercapacitor electrode a me ka wikiwiki a me ke ala maʻalahi a lākou i hana ai. Hoʻomaka kā lākou ʻano moʻolelo me nā mea waiwai kalapona i hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i loko o kahi matrix haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kapa ʻia he aerogel. Hiki i kēia airgel ke hana ma ke ʻano he electrode crude, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hui o Pauzauskie ma mua o ka pālua ʻana i kona capacitance, ʻo ia kona hiki ke mālama i ka uku uila.

ʻO kēia mau mea hoʻomaka haʻahaʻa, i hui pū ʻia me kahi kaʻina hana synthesis streamlined, e hōʻemi i ʻelua mau pale maʻamau i ka noi ʻoihana: ke kumukūʻai a me ka wikiwiki.

"Ma nā noi ʻoihana, ʻo ka manawa ke kālā," wahi a Pauzauskie. "Hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā mea hoʻomaka no kēia mau electrodes i nā hola, ma mua o nā pule. A hiki iā ia ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kumukūʻai synthesis no ka hana ʻana i nā electrodes supercapacitor kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā electrodes supercapacitor maikaʻi mai nā mea waiwai carbon i loaʻa kahi ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe. He mea koʻikoʻi ka koi hope ma muli o ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa e mālama ai nā supercapacitors i ka uku uila. ʻOiai ke mālama nei ka pākaukau maʻamau i nā koina uila ma o nā hopena kemika e kū mai ana i loko o ia mea, mālama ka supercapacitor a hoʻokaʻawale i nā kumu maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole ma luna o kona ʻili.

"Hiki i nā Supercapacitors ke hana wikiwiki aʻe ma mua o nā pila no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i kaupalena ʻia e ka wikiwiki o ka hopena a i ʻole nā ​​​​huahana e hiki ke hana," wahi a ka mea kākau kumu alakaʻi ʻo Matthew Lim, he haumāna kauka UW ma ka Department of Materials Science & Engineering. "Hiki i nā Supercapacitors ke hoʻopaʻa a hoʻokuʻu wikiwiki loa, ʻo ia ke kumu nui lākou i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēia mau 'pulses' o ka mana."

"He mau noi maikaʻi ko lākou i nā hoʻonohonoho kahi e lohi loa ai ka pākaukau," wahi a ka hoa alakaʻi kumu ʻo Matthew Crane, he haumāna kauka ma ka UW Department of Chemical Engineering. "I nā manawa lohi loa ka pākaukau no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi o ka ikehu, hiki i kahi supercapacitor me kahi electrode kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ke 'kiʻi' wikiwiki a hoʻopau i ka nele o ka ikehu."

No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻili kiʻekiʻe no kahi electrode kūpono, ua hoʻohana ka hui i nā aerogels. ʻO kēia nā mea pulu, e like me ka gel i hele i loko o kahi mālama kūikawā o ka maloʻo a me ka hoʻomehana e hoʻololi i kā lākou mau mea wai me ka ea a i ʻole ke kinoea ʻē aʻe. Mālama kēia mau ʻano hana i ke ʻano 3-D o ka gel, e hāʻawi iā ia i kahi ākea kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa loa. Ua like ia me ka wehe ʻana i ka wai a pau mai Jell-O me ka emi ʻole.

"Hoʻokahi kalima o ka airgel e like me ka nui o ka ʻili e like me hoʻokahi kahua pôpeku," wahi a Pauzauskie.

Ua hana ʻo Crane i nā aerogels mai ka polimer like me ka gel, kahi mea me ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻāpana, i hana ʻia mai formaldehyde a me nā molekala kalapona ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻoia kēia i kā lākou hāmeʻa, e like me nā electrodes supercapacitor o kēia lā, e loaʻa i nā mea waiwai kalapona.

Ma mua, ua hōʻike ʻo Lim i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka graphene-ʻo ia kahi ʻāpana kalapona hoʻokahi wale nō atom mānoanoa-i ka gel i hoʻokomo i ka airgel hopena me nā waiwai supercapacitor. Akā, pono ʻo Lim lāua ʻo Crane e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka aerogel, a e hoʻolilo i ke kaʻina hana synthesis i mea maʻalahi a maʻalahi.

Ma nā hoʻokolohua mua a Lim, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka graphene ʻaʻole i hoʻomaikaʻi i ka capacitance o ka aerogel. No laila ua hoʻouka lākou i nā aerogels me nā ʻāpana lahilahi o ka molybdenum disulfide a i ʻole tungsten disulfide. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kemika ʻelua i kēia lā i nā lubricants ʻoihana.

Ua mālama nā mea noiʻi i nā mea ʻelua me nā hawewe kani kiʻekiʻe e wāwahi iā lākou i loko o nā ʻāpana lahilahi a hoʻokomo iā lākou i loko o ka matrix gel waiwai nui. Hiki iā lākou ke synthesize i kahi gel pulu piha piha i ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ʻelua mau hola, aʻo nā ala ʻē aʻe e lawe i nā lā he nui.

Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka aerogel maloʻo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ua hui pū lākou me nā mea hoʻopili a me nā mea waiwai kalapona ʻē aʻe no ka hana ʻana i kahi "palaoa" ʻoihana, hiki iā Lim ke ʻōwili wale i nā lau i kahi mau tausani o ka ʻīniha ka mānoanoa. Ua ʻoki lākou i nā diski hapalua ʻīniha mai ka palaoa a hōʻuluʻulu iā lākou i loko o nā pahu pākaukau maʻalahi e hoʻāʻo ai i ka pono o ka mea ma ke ʻano he supercapacitor electrode.

ʻAʻole wale ka wikiwiki o kā lākou electrodes, maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e synthesize, akā ua pāʻani pū lākou i kahi capacitance ma kahi o 127 pakeneka ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka airgel waiwai waiwai wale nō.

Manaʻo ʻo Lim lāua ʻo Crane e ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o nā aerogels i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā ʻāpana lahilahi o ka molybdenum disulfide a i ʻole tungsten disulfide—ma kahi o 10 a 100 mau ʻātoma ka mānoanoa—e hōʻike ana i kahi hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Akā ʻo ka mea mua, makemake lākou e hōʻike e ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o nā aerogels i hoʻouka ʻia a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka synthesize, kahi hana kūpono no ka hana ʻoihana. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono maikaʻi e hiki mai ana.

Manaʻo ka hui e hiki i kēia mau hana ke kōkua i ka holomua ʻepekema ma waho o ke aupuni o nā electrodes supercapacitor. ʻO kā lākou molybdenum disulfide i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka aerogel hiki ke kūpaʻa i ka hana ʻana i ka hydrogen. A hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kā lākou ʻano e hoʻopaʻa wikiwiki i nā mea i nā aerogels i nā pihi capacitance kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole catalysis.