Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka Uea Tungsten

Ma ke ʻano o ka uea, mālama ʻo tungsten i kāna mau waiwai waiwai, me kona wahi hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe, kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela, a me kahi puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. No ka mea e hōʻike ana ka uea tungsten i ka conductivity uila a me ka wela, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā mea uila uila, a me nā thermocouple.
Hōʻike maʻamau ʻia nā anawaena uea i nā millimeters a i ʻole mils (kausani ʻīniha). Eia naʻe, hōʻike pinepine ʻia ke anawaena uea tungsten i nā milligrams - 14.7 mg, 3.05 mg, 246.7 mg a pēlā aku. Hoʻomaka kēia hana i nā lā i ka nele o nā mea hana no ke ana pololei ʻana i nā uea lahilahi loa (.001″ a hiki i .020″ ke anawaena), ʻo ke anaina ke ana i ke kaumaha o 200 mm (ma kahi o 8″) o ka uea tungsten a helu. ke anawaena (D) o ka uwea tungsten e pili ana i ke kaumaha o ka lōʻihi o ka wae, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano makemakika penei:

D = 0.71746 x kumu huinahā (mg kaumaha/200 mm lōʻihi)”

ʻO ka hoʻomanawanui anawaena maʻamau 1s士3% o ke ana paona, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomanawanui, ma muli o ke noi no ka huahana uea. Ke manaʻo nei nō hoʻi kēia ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana i ke anawaena he anawaena mau ka uwea, me ka ʻole o ke anawaena koʻikoʻi, ka ʻāʻī i lalo, a i ʻole nā ​​hopena conical ʻē aʻe ma kahi o ke anawaena.
No nā uwea mānoanoa (.020 ″ a i .250 ″ anawaena), hoʻohana ʻia ka millmeter a i ʻole ke ana mil; ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻae ʻana ma ke ʻano he pākēneka o ke anawaena, me ka hoʻomanawanui maʻamau o士1.5%
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka uea tungsten i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka nui o ka potassium e hana ana i kahi elongated, interlocking structure grain e exh心ts non-sag property after recrystallization. Hoʻomaka kēia hana i ka hoʻohana mua ʻana o ka uea tungsten i nā ʻōpuʻu kukui, i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka filament a me ka pau ʻole o ke kukui i ka wela keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā alumina dopants, silica, a me ka pālolo ma ke kahua hui ʻana o ka pauka e hoʻololi i nā waiwai mechanical o ka uea tungsten. I ke kaʻina hana o ka wela wela a me ka huki wela i ka uea tungsten, ke koena ka alumina a me ka silica out-gas a me ka potassium, e hāʻawi ana i ka uea i kona mau waiwai non-sag a hiki i nā ʻōpuʻu incandescent ke hana me ka ʻole o ka arcing a me ka filament.
ʻOiai ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uea tungsten i kēia lā ma mua o nā filament no nā kukui incandescent, hoʻomau ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā dopants i ka hana uea tungsten. Hana ʻia e loaʻa kahi mahana recrystallization kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kona kūlana maʻemaʻe, hiki i ka tungsten doped (a me ka uea molybdenum) ke noho ductile ma ka lumi wela a me nā mahana hana kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ka hopena elongated, hoʻopaʻa ʻia hoʻi e hāʻawi i nā waiwai uea doped e like me ke kūpaʻa kūpaʻa maikaʻi o ka creep resistance, a me ka maʻalahi maʻalahi ma mua o ka huahana maʻemaʻe (undoped).

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka uea tungsten doped i nā nui mai ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 0.001 ″ a hiki i 0.025 ″ i ke anawaena a hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka filament kukui a me nā noi filament uea, a me ka pono i ka umu, deposition, a me nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, hāʻawi kekahi mau ʻoihana (me ka Metal Cutting Corporation) i ka uea tungsten maʻemaʻe, undoped no nā noi i mea nui ka maʻemaʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka uea tungsten maʻemaʻe loa i loaʻa he 99.99% maʻemaʻe, i hana ʻia mai ka 99.999% pauka maʻemaʻe.

ʻAʻole like me nā huahana uea ferrous - hiki ke kauoha ʻia i 1n mau mokuʻāina annealed ʻokoʻa, mai ka paʻakikī piha a i kahi ākea o nā kūlana hope palupalu - ʻo ka uea tungsten ma ke ʻano he mea maʻemaʻe (a ma waho o kahi koho palena ʻole) ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā ʻano. waiwai. Eia nō naʻe, no ka ʻokoʻa ʻana o nā kaʻina hana a me nā mea hana, pono e ʻokoʻa nā ʻano mechanical o ka tungsten ma waena o nā mea hana, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe mea hana ʻelua e hoʻohana i ka nui o ka pahu paʻi like, nā lako swaging kikoʻī, a me ke kaha kiʻi a me ka hoʻopili ʻana. No laila, he laʻa maikaʻi loa ia inā loaʻa nā waiwai mechanical i ka tungsten i hana ʻia e nā hui like ʻole. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi e like me ka 10%. Akā ʻo ka noi ʻana i kahi mea hana uea tungsten e hoʻololi i kāna mau waiwai tensile e 50% hiki ʻole.