He mea kūpono loa ʻo Tungsten i mea no nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka moku e hoʻopili ana i kahi plasma fusion wela, ʻo ia ka metala me ka helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kahi pōʻino, ʻo ia ka brittleness, ʻo ia ka mea ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi e lilo ia i palupalu a hiki i ka pōʻino. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi puke moʻolelo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohuihui e ka Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) ma Garching. Aia ia me ka tungsten homogeneous me nā uea tungsten i uhi ʻia. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina kūpono i ke kūpono kumu o ka pūhui hou.

ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka noiʻi i mālama ʻia ma IPP ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi mea kanu mana e like me ka lā, e loaʻa ai ka ikehu mai ka hui ʻana o nā nuclei atomika. ʻO ka wahie i hoʻohana ʻia he plasma hydrogen haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. No ka hoʻā ʻana i ke ahi fusion pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka plasma i loko o nā māla magnetic a wela i kahi wela kiʻekiʻe. Ma ke kumu 100 miliona degere i loaʻa. ʻO Tungsten kahi metala hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa e like me nā mea no nā ʻāpana e pili pono ana me ka plasma wela. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia e nā noiʻi nui ma IPP. ʻO kahi pilikia i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia i kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka brittleness o ka mea: ua nalowale ʻo Tungsten i kona paʻakikī ma lalo o nā kūlana mea kanu. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ke koʻikoʻi kūloko - ka ʻuʻuku, ka hoʻopololei ʻana a i ʻole ke kaomi ʻana - e ka hāʻawi iki ʻana o ka mea. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā māwae: No laila, ʻoluʻolu loa nā ʻāpana i ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka wahi.

ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻimi ai ʻo IPP i nā hale e hiki ke hoʻohele i ka ʻāʻī kūloko. Hana ʻia nā mea hoʻohālike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka fiber: No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka carbide silicon brittle. Ma hope o kekahi mau noiʻi mua, ʻo Johann Riesch ka mea ʻepekema IPP e noiʻi inā hiki ke hana like me ka metala tungsten.

ʻO ka hana mua ka hana ʻana i nā mea hou. Pono e hoʻoikaika ʻia kahi matrix tungsten me nā fiber lōʻihi i uhi ʻia me ka uea tungsten extruded e like me ka lauoho. ʻO nā uea, i manaʻo mua ʻia e like me nā filament kukui no nā ʻōpuʻu kukui, kahi i hoʻolako ʻia e Osram GmbH. Ua noiʻi ʻia nā mea like ʻole no ka uhi ʻana iā lākou ma IPP, me ka erbium oxide. Ua hui pū ʻia nā pulupulu tungsten i uhi ʻia, i ʻano like ʻole a i wili ʻia paha. No ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā āpau ma waena o nā uea me ka tungsten Johann Riesch a me kāna mau hoa hana a laila hoʻomohala i kahi kaʻina hana hou e hui pū me ka hoa hana ʻoihana Pelekane ʻo Archer Technicoat Ltd. Ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana i ka pūhui: Ua waiho ʻia ka tungsten ma nā uea mai kahi hui kinoea ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kaʻina hana kemika ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia ka manawa mua i hana maikaʻi ʻia ai ka tungsten-fibre-reinforced tungsten, me ka hopena i makemake ʻia: ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o ka hui hou ua paʻakolu mua e pili ana i ka tungsten fiberless ma hope o nā hoʻokolohua mua.

ʻO ka lua o ka ʻanuʻu, ʻo ia ke noiʻi ʻana i ka hana ʻana o kēia: ʻO ka mea hoʻoholo i hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka haki ʻana o nā fibers i loko o ka matrix a hiki ke puʻunaue i ka ikehu hana kūloko i loko o ka mea. Eia nā pilina ma waena o nā fibers a me ka matrix tungsten, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, pono e nāwaliwali e hāʻawi i ke ala i ka wā e puka ai nā māwae a, ma kekahi, e ikaika e hoʻoili i ka ikaika ma waena o nā fibers a me ka matrix. Ma nā ho'āʻo kulou hiki ke ʻike pololei ʻia kēia ma o ka X-ray microtomography. Hōʻike kēia i ka hana kumu o ka mea.

ʻO ka hoʻoholo no ka pono o ka mea, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻakikī i hoʻonui ʻia ke hoʻohana ʻia. Ua nānā ʻo Johann Riesch i kēia ma ka noiʻi ʻana i nā laʻana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka mālama wela ma mua. Ke hoʻokau ʻia nā laʻana i ka radiation synchrotron a waiho ʻia paha ma lalo o ka microscope electron, ʻo ka hoʻopololei ʻana a me ke kulou ʻana iā lākou i hōʻoia ʻia i kēia hihia i nā waiwai waiwai i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia: Inā hāʻule ka matrix i ka wā i hoʻokaumaha ʻia, hiki i nā fibers ke hoʻopaʻa i nā māwae e kū mai ana a hoʻopaʻa iā lākou.

Hoʻoholo ʻia nā kumu no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea hou. E hana ʻia nā laʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana kaʻina hana i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia a me nā interface i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai no ka hana nui. He mea hoihoi paha ka mea hou ma mua o ke kahua o ka noiʻi fusion.