ʻO ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe ʻo Tungsten screw bolt
Pono nā bolts i hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke kū i nā wela kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o ka nalowale ʻana i kā lākou mau waiwai mechanical a i ʻole ka pono. Hoʻolālā ʻia kekahi mau ʻano bolts a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa no nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe, me:
1. Alloy Steel Bolts: ʻO nā bolts i hana ʻia me ke kila kila, e like me ASTM A193 Grade B7, kūpono no nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēia mau bolts e hāʻawi i ka ikaika maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa kolo i nā wela kiʻekiʻe.
2. ʻO nā kīʻaha kila kila: ʻO kekahi mau māka o ke kila kila, e like me ka 310 stainless steel, ua ʻike ʻia no ko lākou kūpaʻa ʻana i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i kēia mau bolts ka pale oxidation maikaʻi a paʻa i ko lākou ikaika i nā wela kiʻekiʻe.
3. Inconel bolts: ʻO Inconel kahi ʻohana o ka nickel-chromium-based kiʻekiʻe-mehana alloys i ʻike ʻia no kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation. Ua kūpono nā bolts Inconel no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wahi wela loa e like me ka turbine gas a me nā noi aerospace.
4. ʻO nā bolts Titanium: ʻO ka Titanium a me ka titanium alloy bolts he māmā i ke kaumaha a he ikaika maikaʻi i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia lākou i ka aerospace a me nā noi hoʻoili kemika kahi e koi ʻia ai ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe.
5. ʻO nā pahu metala refractory: ʻO nā kī i hana ʻia me nā metala refractory e like me ka molybdenum, tantalum, a me ka niobium ua kūpono ia no nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe loa, e like me nā umu ahi a me ka hana semiconductor.
Ke koho ʻana i nā bolts no nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe, pono e noʻonoʻo i ka pae wela kikoʻī, nā kūlana kūlohelohe a me nā koi mechanical o ka noi. Eia kekahi, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka hoʻolālā hoʻopaʻa ʻana no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana lōʻihi a me ka hilinaʻi o nā bolts i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAe, hiki i ka mahana ke hoʻololi nui i ka ikaika tensile o kahi mea. I nā manawa he nui, e emi ana ka ikaika tensile o nā mea i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano i nā metala a me nā alloys, akā pili pū kekahi i nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka hopena o ka mahana ma ka ikaika tensile e nā ʻano mea like ʻole, me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mea, microstructure, a me ke alo o nā mea hoʻohui. Eia kekahi mau mea nui e noʻonoʻo ai:
1. ʻO nā mea ductile: Nui nā mea ductile, e like me ke kila kalapona, nalowale ka ikaika tensile i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka neʻe ʻana o nā dislocations i loko o ka lattice aniani o ka mea i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka maʻalahi i ka deformation a me ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika.
2. ʻO nā mea palupalu: Hiki ke hōʻike i kekahi mau mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huila a me nā seramika, ke ʻano paʻakikī me ka mahana. No ka laʻana, hiki i kekahi mau mea palupalu ke ʻike i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika tensile i nā wela kiʻekiʻe ma muli o nā loli i ka ʻano haʻihaʻi o ka mea.
3. Nā mea wela wela: ʻO kekahi mau mea wela kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka aerospace a me nā noi hana mana, ua hoʻolālā pono ʻia e mālama i ko lākou ikaika tensile i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana e kūʻē i ka palupalu a mālama i ko lākou mau waiwai mechanical i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe.
4. Creep: Ma waho aʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hopena pololei i ka ikaika tensile, hiki i nā wela kiʻekiʻe ke hana i ka creep, ʻo ia ka deformation lohi o nā mea ma lalo o ka ukana mau. Hiki i ka Creep ke hoʻemi hou i ka ikaika tensile kūpono o ka mea ma luna o ka manawa ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka ikaika tensile o kahi mea ma ke ʻano he hana o ka mahana e pili ana i kona haku ʻana, ka hana ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana. I ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā ʻāpana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaiapuni wela kiʻekiʻe, he mea nui e noʻonoʻo i ka hopena o ka wela i ka ikaika tensile o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka ikaika tensile o kahi mea e ka mahana, ʻo ke ʻano pololei o kēia hopena e pili ana i ka mea a me kāna mau waiwai kikoʻī. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hana ʻana o nā mea waiwai ma lalo o nā kūlana wela like ʻole no ka hana pono o nā ʻāpana ʻenekinia i nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe.
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