Molybdenum:

• Wani sinadari ne da ke faruwa a zahiri wanda Carl Wilhelm Scheele, masanin kimiyyar Sweden wanda ya gano iskar oxygen a cikin 1778.
• Yana da ɗayan mafi girman wuraren narkewa na duk abubuwan duk da haka yawancin sa shine kawai 25% mafi girman ƙarfe.
• Yana ƙunshe a cikin ma'adanai daban-daban, amma kawai molybdenite (MoS2) ake amfani dashi wajen samar da samfuran molybdenum masu kasuwa.
• Yana da mafi ƙarancin ƙima na faɗaɗa zafin zafi na kowane kayan aikin injiniya.

Daga ina ya fito:

• Ana samun manyan ma'adinan molybdenum a Kanada, Amurka, Mexico, Peru da Chile. A cikin 2008, ma'adanin ajiyar ma'adinai ya kai ton 19,000,000 (tushen: Binciken Yanayin Kasa na Amurka). Kasar China ce ke da mafi girman rijiyoyi sai Amurka da Chile.
• Molybdenite na iya faruwa a matsayin ma'adinan kawai a cikin jikin tama, amma galibi ana danganta shi da ma'adinan sulfide na wasu karafa, musamman jan karfe.

Yadda ake sarrafa shi:

• Ana murƙushe ma'adinan da aka haƙa, a niƙa, a haɗe shi da ruwa kuma a watsar da shi a cikin wani tsari na iyo don raba ma'adinan ƙarfe daga dutsen.
• Sakamakon maida hankali ya ƙunshi tsakanin 85% zuwa 92% molybdenum disulfide mai amfani da masana'antu (MoS2). Gasa wannan a cikin iska a 500 zuwa 650 °C yana samar da gasasshen molybdenite concentrate ko RMC (Mo03), wanda kuma aka sani da Mo oxide ko fasaha oxide. Ana amfani da kusan kashi 40 zuwa 50% na molybdenum a cikin wannan nau'i, galibi azaman abin haɗakarwa a samfuran ƙarfe.
• 30-40% na samar da RMC ana sarrafa shi a cikin ferromolybdenum (FeMo) ta hanyar haɗa shi da baƙin ƙarfe oxide da rage tare da ferrosilicon da aluminum a cikin yanayin zafi. Abubuwan da aka samu an murƙushe su kuma an duba su don samar da girman barbashin FeMo da ake so.
• Kimanin kashi 20% na RMC da ake samarwa a duk duniya ana sarrafa su zuwa samfuran sinadarai da yawa kamar su molybdic oxide (Mo03) da molybdates. Ammonium molybdate bayani za a iya canza zuwa kowane adadin molybdate kayayyakin da kuma kara aiki ta calcinations samar molybdenum trioxide zalla.
• Ƙarfe na Molybdenum ana samar da shi ta hanyar rage matakan hydrogen na matakai biyu don ba da foda mai tsabta na molybdenum.

Me ake amfani da shi don:

• Kimanin kashi 20% na sabon molybdenum, wanda aka samar daga ma'adinai ana amfani da shi don yin bakin karfe na molybdenum.
• Ƙarfe na injiniya, kayan aiki da ƙarfe mai tsayi, simintin ƙarfe da superalloys tare suna lissafin ƙarin 60% na molybdenum amfani.
• Sauran kashi 20% ana amfani da su a cikin samfuran haɓakawa kamar molybdenum disulfide mai lubricant (MoS2), mahadin sinadarai na molybdenum da ƙarfe na molybdenum.

Amfani da kayan aiki:

Bakin karfe

• Molybdenum yana inganta juriya na lalata da ƙarfin zafin jiki na duk bakin karfe. Yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi musamman akan ramuka da juriya na lalata a cikin mafita mai ɗauke da chloride, yana mai da shi mahimmanci a cikin sinadarai da sauran aikace-aikacen sarrafawa.
• Molybdenum wanda ke ƙunshe da bakin karfe suna da juriya na musamman ga lalata kuma ana amfani da su a gine-gine, gini da gini, suna ba da sassaucin ƙira da tsawaita rayuwar ƙira.
• An ƙera samfura da yawa daga molybdenum wanda ke ɗauke da bakin karfe don ƙarin kariya daga lalata, gami da kayan gini, rufin rufi, bangon labule, hannaye, layin wanka, kofofi, kayan aikin haske da hasken rana.

Superalloys

Waɗannan sun haɗa da alluran da ke jure lalata da maɗaurin zafin jiki:

• Ana amfani da alluran tushen nickel masu jure lalata da ke ɗauke da molybdenum a aikace-aikacen da aka fallasa ga mahalli masu lalatawa a cikin masana'antu da aikace-aikace iri-iri, gami da raka'o'in lalata iskar gas da ake amfani da su don cire sulfur daga hayaƙin tashar wutar lantarki.
• High zafin jiki alloys ko dai m-mafi ƙarfafa, wanda bayar da juriya ga lalacewa lalacewa ta hanyar high zafin jiki creep, ko shekaru-hardenable, wanda samar da ƙarin ƙarfi ba tare da muhimmanci rage ductility kuma suna da matukar tasiri a rage coefficient na thermal fadada.

Alloy karafa

• Kawai ƙaramin adadin molybdenum yana inganta ƙarfin ƙarfi, yana rage fushi da haɓaka juriya ga harin hydrogen da fashewar damuwa na sulfide.
• Molybdenum ɗin da aka ƙara kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi kuma yana haɓaka walƙiya, musamman a cikin ƙananan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi (HSLA). Ana amfani da waɗannan ƙananan ƙarfe na ƙarfe a cikin aikace-aikace iri-iri, daga motoci masu sauƙi zuwa ingantacciyar inganci a cikin gine-gine, bututu da gadoji, adana duka adadin ƙarfe da ake buƙata da makamashi da hayaƙin da ke da alaƙa da samarwa, sufuri da ƙirƙira.

Sauran amfani

Misalai na musamman na amfani da molybdenum sun haɗa da:

• Molybdenum na tushen gami, wanda ke da kyakkyawan ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali na inji a yanayin zafi mai zafi (har zuwa 1900 ° C) a cikin wuraren da ba oxidizing ko vacuum. Babban ductility da taurinsu suna ba da ƙarin juriya ga rashin ƙarfi da karaya fiye da yumbu.
• Molybdenum-tungsten gami, wanda aka sani don juriya na musamman ga narkakken zinc
• Molybdenum-25% rhenium gami, da aka yi amfani da su don kayan aikin ingin roka da masu musayar zafi na ƙarfe na ruwa waɗanda dole ne su zama ductile a zafin jiki.
• Molybdenum sanye take da jan karfe, don yin ƙananan faɗaɗa, manyan allunan kewayawa na lantarki
• Molybdenum oxide, wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen samar da abubuwan haɓaka ga masana'antar petrochemical da masana'antun sinadarai, an tura shi sosai a cikin tace ɗanyen mai don rage abubuwan sulfur na samfuran da aka tace.
• Samfuran molybdenum na sinadarai da aka yi amfani da su a cikin haɗaɗɗun polymer, masu hana lalata da ƙirar ƙira mai ƙima.