Halayen Tungsten Waya

A cikin nau'i na waya, tungsten yana kula da yawancin kaddarorinsa masu mahimmanci, gami da babban wurin narkewa, ƙarancin haɓakar yanayin zafi, da ƙarancin tururi a yanayin zafi mai tsayi. Saboda waya ta tungsten kuma tana nuna kyakkyawan ingancin wutar lantarki da zafin rana, ana amfani da ita sosai don na'urorin hasken lantarki, da thermocouples.
Ana bayyana diamita na waya gabaɗaya a cikin millimeters ko mils (dubu na inch). Koyaya, diamita na tungsten yawanci ana bayyana shi a cikin milligrams - 14.7 MG, 3.05 MG, 246.7 MG da sauransu. Wannan aikin ya samo asali ne tun zamanin da, rashin kayan aiki don auna daidaitattun wayoyi masu sirara (.001 ″ har zuwa .020 ″ a diamita), yarjejeniyar ita ce auna nauyin 200 mm (kimanin 8 ″) na waya tungsten da lissafta. diamita (D) na tungsten waya dangane da nauyin kowane tsawon raka'a, ta amfani da dabarar lissafi mai zuwa:

D = 0.71746 x tushen murabba'in (nauyin MG / tsayin 200 mm)"

Madaidaicin juzu'in diamita 1s士3% na ma'aunin nauyi, kodayake ana samun ƙarin juriya, dangane da aikace-aikacen samfurin waya. Wannan hanyar bayyana diamita kuma tana ɗaukar cewa wayar tana da diamita akai-akai, ba tare da wani gagarumin va「1ation, wuyan wuya, ko wasu tasirin conical a ko'ina akan diamita.
Don wayoyi masu kauri (.020 ″ zuwa diamita .250 ″), ana amfani da ma'aunin niƙa ko mil; An bayyana haƙuri a matsayin kashi na diamita, tare da daidaitaccen haƙuri na 士1.5%
Yawancin waya na tungsten ana yin su ne tare da adadin potassium wanda ke haifar da tsayin daka, tsarin hatsi mai tsaka-tsaki wanda ke fitar da kaddarorin marasa sag bayan sake sakewa. Wannan aikin ya samo asali ne daga farkon amfani da waya ta tungsten a cikin fitilun fitilu, lokacin da yanayin zafi mai zafi zai haifar da sag na filament da gazawar fitila. Ƙarin dopants alumina, silica, da potassium a matakin cakuda foda zai canza kayan aikin injin tungsten. A cikin aiwatar da zana zafi mai zafi da zana wayar tungsten, alumina da silica out-gas da potassium sun rage, suna ba wa waya kayan aikinta marasa sag da ba da damar kwararan fitila masu haske suyi aiki ba tare da arcing da gazawar filament ba.
Yayin da amfani da wayar tungsten a yau ya faɗaɗa sama da filaments don fitulun wuta, ana ci gaba da yin amfani da dopants a masana'antar tungsten. An sarrafa shi don samun mafi girma recrystallization zafin jiki fiye da lokacin da yake a cikin tsarkinsa, doped tungsten (da kuma molybdenum waya) za su iya zama ductile a dakin zafin jiki da kuma a sosai high aiki yanayin zafi. Sakamakon elongated, tsarin da aka tara shi ma yana ba da kaddarorin wayoyi na doped kamar ingantaccen juriya mai juriya, da injina mai sauƙi fiye da samfurin (wanda ba a kwance ba).

Doped tungsten waya yawanci ana samarwa da girma daga ƙasa da 0.001 "har zuwa 0.025" a diamita kuma har yanzu ana amfani dashi don filament filament da aikace-aikacen filament na waya, da kuma kasancewa da amfani a cikin tanda, ajiya, da aikace-aikace masu zafi. Bugu da kari, wasu kamfanoni (ciki har da Kamfanin Yankan Karfe) suna ba da tsaftatacciyar waya ta tungsten da ba ta da tushe don aikace-aikace inda tsafta ke da mahimmanci. A wannan lokacin, mafi kyawun waya tungsten samuwa shine 99.99% mai tsabta, wanda aka yi daga 99.999% foda mai tsabta.

Ba kamar samfuran waya na ƙarfe na ƙarfe ba - wanda za'a iya ba da oda 1n daban-daban annealed jihohin, daga cikakken wuya zuwa fadi da kewayon softer karshe yanayi - tungsten waya a matsayin mai tsarki kashi (kuma ban da iyakacin zabi na gami) ba zai taba samun irin wannan kewayon. kaddarorin. Duk da haka, saboda matakai da kayan aiki sun bambanta, kayan aikin tungsten dole ne su bambanta tsakanin masana'antun, saboda babu masana'antun guda biyu da ke amfani da girman mashaya iri ɗaya, ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki na swaging, da zane-zane da jadawali. Don haka, zai zama babban abin farin ciki idan tungsten da kamfanoni daban-daban suka yi yana da kayan aikin injiniya iri ɗaya. A gaskiya ma, suna iya bambanta da kusan 10%. Amma tambayar mai kera waya na tungsten don ya bambanta ƙimar juzu'insa da kashi 50 ba zai yiwu ba.