Properties na Molybdenum
| Lambar atomic | 42 |
| Lambar CAS | 7439-98-7 |
| Yawan atomic | 95.94 |
| Wurin narkewa | 2620°C |
| Wurin tafasa | 5560C |
| Girman atomatik | 0.0153 nm3 |
| Density a 20 ° C | 10.2g/cm³ |
| Tsarin Crystal | cubic mai tsakiya |
| Lattice akai-akai | 0.3147 [nm] |
| Yawaita a cikin ɓawon ƙasa | 1.2 [g/t] |
| Sautin sauti | 5400 m/s (a rt) (sanda mai bakin ciki) |
| Fadada thermal | 4.8µm/(m·K) (a 25°C) |
| Ƙarfafawar thermal | 138 W/ (m·K) |
| Lantarki resistivity | 53.4 nΩ·m (a 20 ° C) |
| Mohs taurin | 5.5 |
| Vickers taurin | 1400-2740Mpa |
| Brinell taurin | 1370-2500Mpa |
Molybdenum wani sinadari ne mai alamar Mo da lambar atomic lamba 42. Sunan ya fito ne daga Neo-Latin molybdaenum, daga Ancient Greek Μόλυβδος molybdos, ma'ana gubar, tun da ma'adinan sa sun rikice da ma'adinan gubar. An san ma'adinan Molybdenum a cikin tarihi, amma an gano kashi (a cikin ma'anar bambanta shi a matsayin sabon abu daga gishirin ma'adinai na sauran karafa) a cikin 1778 na Carl Wilhelm Scheele. A shekarar 1781 ne Peter Jacob Hjelm ya keɓe karfen.
Molybdenum baya faruwa ta dabi'a azaman ƙarfe kyauta akan Duniya; Ana samun shi ne kawai a cikin jihohin oxidation daban-daban a cikin ma'adanai. Ƙarfe mai kyauta, ƙarfe mai launin azurfa tare da simintin launin toka, yana da matsayi na shida mafi girma na kowane nau'i. Yana da sauri ya samar da ƙarfi, karbuwa na carbide a cikin gami, kuma saboda wannan dalili yawancin samar da sinadarai na duniya (kimanin 80%) ana amfani da su a cikin alluran ƙarfe, gami da allurai masu ƙarfi da superalloys.
Yawancin mahadi na molybdenum suna da ƙarancin narkewa a cikin ruwa, amma lokacin da ma'adanai masu ɗauke da molybdenum suka tuntuɓi oxygen da ruwa, sakamakon molybdate ion MoO2-4 yana iya narkewa sosai. A masana'antu, molybdenum mahadi (kimanin 14% na duniya samar da kashi) ana amfani da high-matsi da zafin jiki aikace-aikace a matsayin pigments da catalysts.
Molybdenum-mai ɗauke da enzymes su ne mafi yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta don karya haɗin sinadarai a cikin kwayoyin halitta na nitrogen a cikin tsarin gyaran nitrogen na halitta. Akalla 50 molybdenum enzymes yanzu an san su a cikin kwayoyin cuta, shuke-shuke, da dabbobi, ko da yake kawai ƙwayoyin cuta da cyanobacterial enzymes suna shiga cikin gyaran nitrogen. Wadannan nitrogenases sun ƙunshi molybdenum a cikin wani nau'i daban-daban da sauran molybdenum enzymes, wanda duk ya ƙunshi cikakken molybdenum oxidized a cikin molybdenum cofactor. Wadannan molybdenum cofactor enzymes daban-daban suna da mahimmanci ga kwayoyin halitta, kuma molybdenum wani abu ne mai mahimmanci ga rayuwa a cikin dukkanin kwayoyin eukaryote mafi girma, ko da yake ba a cikin dukkanin kwayoyin halitta ba.
Kaddarorin jiki
A cikin tsantsar sigar sa, molybdenum ƙarfe ne na azurfa-launin toka tare da taurin Mohs na 5.5, da madaidaicin nauyin atomic na 95.95 g/mol. Yana da wurin narkewa na 2,623 °C (4,753 °F); daga cikin abubuwan da ke faruwa a zahiri, tantalum, osmium, rhenium, tungsten, da carbon ne kawai ke da maki mafi girma na narkewa. Yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta ƙididdiga na haɓakar zafi tsakanin karafa da ake amfani da su a kasuwanci. Ƙarfin ƙarfin wayoyi na molybdenum yana ƙaruwa kusan sau 3, daga kusan 10 zuwa 30 GPa, lokacin da diamita ya ragu daga ~ 50-100 nm zuwa 10 nm.
Abubuwan sinadaran
Molybdenum karfe ne na canzawa tare da electronegativity na 2.16 akan ma'aunin Pauling. Ba ya ganuwa yana amsawa tare da iskar oxygen ko ruwa a zazzabi na ɗaki. Rashin iskar oxygenation na molybdenum yana farawa a 300 ° C (572 ° F); oxidation mai girma yana faruwa a yanayin zafi sama da 600 ° C, yana haifar da molybdenum trioxide. Kamar yawancin karafa masu nauyi masu nauyi, molybdenum yana nuna ƙarancin sha'awar samar da cation a cikin maganin ruwa, kodayake Mo3+ cation an san shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin kulawa da hankali.
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